Chengdu Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Techniques

Sichuan
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The processing technology of Chinese medicine is a unique traditional pharmaceutical technology that has been gradually accumulated, summarized and developed by Chinese medicine scientists in the long-term medical practice. It has a long history and rich content, and is an indispensable and important part of the precious cultural heritage of Chinese medicine. The unique clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine is the basis for the development and survival of Chinese medicine, and it is the life of Chinese medicine. The relationship between Chinese medicine processing and clinical efficacy is very close, which is the characteristic of clinical use of Chinese medicine, an important means to improve clinical efficacy, and an important measure to ensure clinical safety and effectiveness. Chengdu has always been the political and cultural center of Sichuan, and Chengdu's processing technology plays a pivotal role in the processing of "Sichuan Gang". However, there are very few old pharmacists and masters who are proficient in processing in Chinese medicine decoction factories in various parts of Chengdu. Most of them have passed away one after another, and those who are still alive are also old. And there are very few young and middle-aged people who love processing, so that the unique skills of the old pharmacists cannot be passed on, and many special and effective traditional processing techniques are gradually forgotten. For example, excellent processing products such as nine-processed rhubarb, nine-turned arisaema, and fairy pinellia are gradually annihilated. At the same time, relevant departments have not paid enough attention to the inheritance and protection of processing technology, and have not taken sufficient specific measures in inheritance and protection. Therefore, Chengdu's traditional Chinese medicine processing technology has been lacking in successors and learning, and is in urgent need of protection. Chengdu is located in the western part of the Sichuan Basin, with a total area of 12,390 square kilometers. It belongs to the subtropical humid climate zone, with distinct four seasons, mild climate and abundant rainfall. The landform types are varied, with high terrain in the northwest and low terrain in the southeast. The terrain is mainly plains, accounting for 40% of the total area of the city, hills account for 28%, and mountains account for 32%. The relative height difference is large, the climate is complex, and the soil is diverse, which is suitable for the growth and breeding of a variety of Chinese medicinal materials, forming different types of Chinese medicinal materials production areas in plains, hills, medium and low mountains and high mountains, with good resource advantages. Sichuan has the reputation of "the hometown of traditional Chinese medicine and the storehouse of traditional Chinese medicine". According to statistics, there are more than 5,000 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Sichuan, accounting for about 75% of the varieties of Chinese herbal medicines in China, including more than 30 famous authentic medicinal materials and main production medicinal materials. The Chinese medicinal materials mainly produced in Chengdu are important components of Chinese medicine. Some authentic medicinal materials are unique varieties and are essential varieties for Chinese medicine in China. Chengdu is located in the southwest of China and is a distribution center for famous Sichuan medicine and southern medicine. The profound accumulation of history, culture and Chinese medicine has made it a famous hometown of Chinese medicine. It has become a trend for the people to worship Chinese medicine and respect doctors and pursue health. In the 1950s, there were nearly 100 pharmacies in Chengdu. Their processing scale and operation were in the form of "front shop and back workshop". The processing technology had distinctive characteristics in the province and even the whole country. A large number of famous doctors and pharmacists in the field of Chinese medicine were concentrated in Chengdu. In short, Chengdu has always played an important role as the center of Chinese medicine education, science and technology, medical care, and industry in the west and a distribution center for Chinese medicine products. Chinese medicine processing technology is a traditional pharmaceutical technology in my country, a characteristic of Chinese medicine, and a major feature of Chinese medicine. It is a summary of the clinical experience of Chinese medicine for thousands of years. It has a long history and rich content. It plays a very important role in ensuring the safety and effectiveness of Chinese medicine and has extremely high theoretical and practical value. The processing technology of Chinese medicine has been formed and developed for thousands of years. It is passed down orally from master to apprentice and is highly practical. Literature and book knowledge alone are far from enough. Its specific manifestations include: three processing monographs and a large number of historical documents related to processing. A complete set of systematic processing theory systems that have gradually formed. Traditional processing skills with rich content and distinctive characteristics. A simple and practical set of traditional processing tools and equipment. This project intends to comprehensively protect Chengdu Chinese medicine processing technology as an intangible cultural heritage, including the methods, techniques, special varieties and utensils of Chinese medicine processing in the entire Chengdu area. Chinese medicine processing came into being with the discovery of Chinese medicine. The discovery of fire is the key to the formation of Chinese medicine processing, and its historical origin is very long. In ancient times, medicine and food had the same origin, processing came first, and medicine and pharmacy coexisted. Raw medicines must be processed, and processing was derived. The "Fifty-two Disease Prescriptions" in the pre-Qin period has recorded a large amount of processing content. The "Four Classics" of Chinese medicine, the "Four Classics" of Chinese medicine, other medical books and the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" all contain rich and colorful processing content. Since medicine and pharmacy were not separated in ancient times, there were few monographs on them, and the processing techniques were mostly passed down by "master-apprentice oral transmission". Recently, medicine and pharmacy have been seriously separated, and the processing techniques of Chinese medicine have not received due attention and inheritance, and are on the verge of extinction. Before liberation, there were nearly 100 pharmacies in Chengdu, and most of their business models were "front shop and back workshop", that is, the front of the store was for doctors to sit in the hall to see patients and make prescriptions for medicinal pieces, and the back of the store was for processing and processing medicinal pieces, or "single pot stir-frying" according to prescription requirements. Each store had a unique processing technique. In 1956, public-private partnership began, and all pharmacies were merged into three larger pharmacies, namely Tongrentang, Gengding Pharmacy, and Jingyitang. In the early days of the Cultural Revolution, the three pharmaceutical factories were merged into Chengdu Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Pharmaceutical Factory, and renamed Chengdu Traditional Chinese Medicine Factory in the early days of reform and opening up. At that time, Chengdu had a large number of backbones who were proficient in traditional Chinese medicine processing techniques. For example, when the Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was established, Xu Chujiang, a backbone of the processing technology of Chengdu Medicinal Materials Station and known as the King of Medicine, was hired as a special teacher. Feng Xiangxian, Ou Jianzhong and other experienced old pharmacists were also hired as experimental instructors to teach students of this major the processing technology of traditional Chinese medicine, so that students learned a lot of processing technology unique to the Chengdu area, such as the processing technology of nine-processed rhubarb and processed aconite. However, there are very few people who specialize in the processing technology of traditional Chinese medicine at present. The late Professor Xu Chujiang was one of the founders of the discipline of processing of traditional Chinese medicine. He edited the first and second editions of the national unified textbook "Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine" and enjoyed a high reputation in the national processing industry. Most of the postgraduates trained by Professor Xu during his lifetime have changed their careers. Only Hu Changjiang, the academic successor, is still engaged in processing technology. He is about to retire. If it is not protected as soon as possible, it will soon be endangered and lost. Traditional Chinese medicine in Sichuan has a long history. The profound accumulation of historical culture and traditional Chinese medicine has made Sichuan known as the "hometown of traditional Chinese medicine and the storehouse of traditional Chinese medicine" in the country. Over the past hundreds of years, the production of Chinese herbal medicines in Chengdu has undergone a transformation from a "shop in front and workshop in the back" pharmacy to a herbal medicine factory. Many varieties of herbal medicines with proven efficacy have been preserved, but there are still some excellent and unique varieties facing extinction. It has become a common practice for the people to worship Chinese medicine and respect doctors and pursue health. A large number of famous Chinese medicine practitioners and pharmacists have inherited the essence and promoted Chinese medicine. Chengdu has always played an important role as a center for Chinese medicine education, technology, medical care, and industry in the west, and a distribution center for Chinese medicine products. Information source: Chengdu Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center Information source: Chengdu Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center

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