Historically, the Lisu people gradually migrated from Miyi, Panzhihua, Yanbian and even Yunnan to live in Jinsha and Nanshan areas in Dechang. The Lisu settlement area is famous for its unique natural and cultural landscapes. The Lisu people living here are less affected by foreign cultures and are known as the area that retains the most primitive Lisu customs. The Lisu people are an ancient ethnic group with a long history. They belonged to the Diqiang tribe during the Warring States Period, and were called "Sou", "Lisu" and "Pu" during the Qin and Han Dynasties. They were called Wuman and Shunman during the Wei and Jin Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, the names of the ethnic group tended to be unified, and they were called "Lisu" (Volume 4 of "Manshu" by Fan Chuo of the Tang Dynasty). As early as before the Yuan Dynasty, they entered the farming period and lived scattered in Dechang, Miyi and other places. Judging from the contents reflected in "The Legend of Huang Gu0 of the Lisu People", "The Legend of the Red Belt of the Lisu People", "The Legend of the Matchmaker Bodhisattva of the Lisu People", etc., these legends should be the history of the primitive hunting and primitive gathering era of the Lisu people. Therefore, it can be concluded that their history is very long. [Distribution Area] Dechang County is located in the heart of the Panxi Economic Corridor in the southwest of Sichuan Province. It borders the Aerospace City of Xichang City to the north and Panzhihua City to the south. There are two Lisu townships, Jinsha and Nanshan, in the county, which is 30 kilometers away from Dechang City. It is the county with the largest number of Lisu people in the province, and it is also a place where the oral literature of the Lisu people is very rich. There are many genres such as myths, legends, stories, fables, fairy tales, jokes, folk songs, folk songs, proverbs, etc., and the content is very rich. [Basic content] (I) "The Legend of the Lisu Red Belt" Once upon a time, there was a smart and capable Lisu boy who often set up ropes in the mountains and forests, either to trap wild boars or roe deer, and every time he "took the mountain", he never missed. So everyone called him a mountain carpenter. This morning, the mountain carpenter came to the mountain happily, and walked under a big oak tree. He saw that he had a reddish-brown hairy dog trapped. He hated hairy dogs and didn't want it. He drew out his waist knife and said, "Pah!" "Stinky thing! I will kill you and throw you on the mountain to feed the crows." She raised her knife and was about to stab. Suddenly, the hairy dog spoke: "Slow down! I am not a hairy dog." Anshan Carpenter said: "The most cunning one is the hairy dog, no one will listen to your lies!" He raised his knife again and was about to kill. The hairy dog was not afraid at all, and said kindly: "You can't judge a person by his appearance. I am just wearing a hairy dog skin, do you believe it?" Anshan Carpenter didn't believe it, he held the knife tightly, stared, and watched what tricks the hairy dog played. The hairy dog said: "If you don't believe it, just watch." He pulled off the fur on his body, revealing white skin, black and oily long braids, rosy oval face, big watery eyes, high nose bridge, small mouth, and a pair of deep dimples. Ah! It's really more beautiful than camellia. Anshan Carpenter was stunned and asked: "Who are you?" The fairy smiled and said: "Don't be afraid. I am the daughter of the Heavenly Master. When the Heavenly Gate opened on the first day of August, I was playing at the South Heavenly Gate and saw a hardworking and brave young man on earth. He did not mind the long journey to Anshan and was not afraid of the sun when farming. The heavenly soldiers and generals in the sky were lazy and gluttonous, none of them could compare to him, so I liked him. "Anshan Carpenter hurriedly asked: "Which young man do you like?" The fairy said: "It's you." Anshan Carpenter liked him for a while, but felt very sorry: "Why do you wear a furry dog skin? The reputation of furry dogs is very bad!" The fairy then told him: She told her father about her worries, but the Heavenly Master did not agree. She followed her father all day long, talking to him left and right. After talking for a long time, the Heavenly Master agreed to her daughter's request and asked her to wear a furry dog skin and pretend to be trapped to test whether the young man's heart is kind and whether he treats her well. Only when he is really satisfied can they get married. When Anshan Carpenter heard this, he was very embarrassed: "Oh! I almost hurt you. "The fairy thought he was very honest, so she went home with him and they became a couple. The next year, the fairy gave birth to a white and fat son. The year after, she gave birth to a well-behaved daughter. The family lived a happy life. The two children grew up gradually, learned to walk and talk. The mountain craftsman told his children about mountain and farming, and taught them how to do things; the fairy told her children stories about the stars and the moon, and taught them etiquette. They were all very happy, but there was one thing that made her very embarrassed, that is, she came from the sky wearing a furry dog skin and came to the world, and she couldn't find a change of clothes. One noon, she took advantage of the man's absence and ran up the mountain to find a suitable set of clothes to wear. At this time, it was originally sunny and the weather was good, but suddenly thunder "rumbled" and fell. It was raining heavily. An Shanjiang ran back home, soaking wet. He saw two children sleeping soundly on the bed, and his wife was not in the house. After waiting for a while, he was afraid that something had happened. He was panicked and anxious. He took a green cloth umbrella and went up the mountain in the heavy rain to look for her. He walked and shouted all the way. He walked and shouted! Finally, he found her in a cave. The fairy told the man about her difficulties, and he immediately went out of the cave to think of a solution. Outside, the trees, flowers and plants on the mountain were all beautiful, but none of them could be worn as clothes. He also felt that it was difficult to deal with. At this time, the rain was still falling, and the raindrops hit the umbrella with a "tap, tap, tap" sound. An Shanjiang looked at the umbrella for a while, and suddenly an idea came to his mind. He ran into the cave and shouted happily: "Found it! Found it!" The fairy asked him what he found. He pulled off the umbrella frame with all his strength and handed the umbrella cover to his wife: "Look, this skirt fits so well! "The fairy tried on the umbrella as a skirt. It was neither too long nor too short, just reaching her calves. When she walked, the umbrella skirt fluttered and looked very beautiful. Anshanjiang happily pulled the fairy away. As soon as the fairy let go, the skirt fell to the ground. She had to hold the hem of the skirt with both hands and walk out of the cave. The skirt is good, but it is very inconvenient. Oh my! Anshanjiang couldn't think of a good solution for a while. At this time, the rain stopped, the sky cleared, and a colorful rainbow appeared on the top of the mountain. When the fairy saw the rainbow, she knew what was going on and tears came out of her eyes. It turned out that the couple loved each other sincerely, which moved the Tianguan Master. The Tianguan Master threw a precious fairy rope into the air and turned it into this rainbow. The fairy stretched out two fingers, cut the rainbow in the air, and cut a piece of red The colored rainbow was cut off and used as a belt to tie the skirt tightly. In this way, the skirt no longer fell down, and the hands were free to do work. The red belt made by Lisu women with fairy rope is as beautiful as the rainbow in the blue sky; the remaining long section of fairy rope is still hanging in the air, but it can only be seen after the rain. (II) "The Legend of Lisu Yellow Valley" It is said that one day, A Baofa, a ancestor of the Lisu people, led his children to the mountains to collect wild fruits and dig wild vegetables. He found yellow valley. He brought the yellow valley called "tiger grass" back to plant, cultivate, send seeds to the people, and teach the Lisu people to plant yellow valley. As the protagonist said: "One family plants one yellow valley; everyone plants a full ditch and a full dam. It is delicious when everyone plants and everyone eats it! "In order to commemorate the couple A Baofa who discovered grain and taught the Lisu people to grow yellow rice, every household of the Lisu people offers new rice, wine and meat to A Baofa and his wife during the mid-July harvest to commemorate their historical achievements. (III) "Legend of the Lisu Matchmaker Bodhisattva" Every Lisu family has a deity on the wall. The altar is decorated with leaves of miscellaneous trees and arrow bamboo, and a long string of lower teeth and bones of various beasts is hung under the edge of the altar. . This is specially designed for worshipping the Matchmaker Bodhisattva. The story is that a long time ago, a group of Lisu mountain craftsmen were going into the mountains to hunt wild boars. The night before, a god 1 dreamed that there was a girl on the mountain who was raising a group of pigs. Another girl went to her and asked her for a sow with a long snout, and asked him to take the pig home. The next morning, before leaving, he placed his mouth string on the altar and chanted, "Take the mouth string and look for wild boar footprints. When you find a wild boar, break a piece of the string and put it on the wild boar footprint, and ask your sister to play the mouth string. "After the prayer, he carried his gun and went up the mountain. Matchmaker Mountain Bodhisattva broke a piece of the mouth harp and placed it on the wild boar's footprint. After a while, a group of wild boars released by Mountain King Bodhisattva came over, saw the piece of mouth harp, and picked it up to play. She didn't know that the mouth harp was rotten, and it didn't make any sound no matter how she played it this way or that way, which delayed her for a long time. The group of mountain craftsmen took this opportunity to sneak into the deep mountains and old forests to hunt wild boars. They chased them away and surrounded them, and finally knocked down a spot-headed boar. Several people quickly cut the pig open, intending to divide a pile of meat among themselves. Someone was busy chopping off a leg and took it away first. When Mountain King Bodhisattva arrived, he saw that it was a spot-headed boar that was knocked down, not a long-mouthed sow, so he blamed Matchmaker Mountain Girl and said, "I asked you to hunt a long-mouthed sow last night, why did you kill my spot-headed boar? I won't give you this boar. "While saying this, he went to pick up the meat that had been chopped into several piles and put them together. He picked up the pig-driving stick and poked the pork a few times. The pork immediately came together. The flower-headed boar was alive, but it was missing a leg and walked away limping. In this way, all the mountain hunters knew that the wild animals they hunted were obtained by asking the Mountain King Bodhisattva for help with the Matchmaker Mountain Bodhisattva. Later, people cooked the wild animals they hunted in the mountains, offered them to the Mountain King Bodhisattva first, and asked for her permission before taking them home. Every year on the Kuo Shi Festival (New Year), every family would hang red paper and sprinkle pine needles on the altar for the Matchmaker Mountain Bodhisattva, and also offer a rooster that has not crowed and a lot of glutinous rice cakes as gifts for the festival to express gratitude. [Basic Characteristics] For a long time, the Dechang Lisu people only had their own ethnic language but no ethnic writing. Folk literature was only passed on orally in the form of singing and narration, and was deeply hidden among the people. This social condition objectively promoted the development of oral literature, making the Dechang Lisu The folk literature of the Lisu people is wonderfully prosperous, with myths, legends, stories, fables, fairy tales, jokes, folk songs, folk songs, proverbs and other folk literature of various genres, which are very rich in content and are truly a wonderful work. The Legend of Huanggu0 of the Lisu People, the Legend of Matchmaker Bodhisattva of the Lisu People, the Legend of Red Waistband of the Lisu People and other works are representative works of Lisu folk legends, which have been spread among the local people of the Lisu people through oral transmission from generation to generation. The traditional virtues and historical achievements of the Lisu ancestors, who were hardworking, brave, kind-hearted, and helpful, are just like the story of A Baofa, a character in the book "The Legend of Lisu Huanggu0", who found Huanggu while leading his children to the mountains to collect wild fruits and dig wild vegetables. He brought Huanggu, which was called "tiger grass", back to plant, cultivate, give seeds to the people, and teach the Lisu people how to plant Huanggu. As the protagonist said, "One family plants one Huanggu; everyone plants a full ditch and a full dam. It's delicious when everyone plants and everyone eats it!" "In order to commemorate the couple A Baofa who discovered grains and taught the Lisu people to grow yellow rice, every household of the Lisu people offers new rice, wine and meat to A Baofa and his wife when the yellow rice is harvested in July every year to commemorate their historical achievements. The folk legends of the Lisu people in Dechang have vivid images of people and gods, strong storytelling, clear plot lines, rich fantasy and exaggeration, and are unique with their own unique aesthetic consciousness. "The Legend of the Lisu Matchmaker Bodhisattva" tells the legend of the Lisu Matchmaker Bodhisattva through bold imagination and mythical legends. Popular, quality Simple and easy to understand, these three legends were all produced during the hunting and gathering period of the Lisu ancestors. They have a long history and are important representative works of Lisu folk literature. [Basic Value] The Lisu people have a rich and colorful culture, art and customs, which contain the unique spiritual values, thinking methods, imagination and cultural awareness of the Lisu people. While fully reflecting the aesthetic emotions of the Lisu people and increasing mutual exchanges, they have a positive impact on enhancing social cohesion, promoting national unity and cultural exchanges. Protecting and making good use of the rich and colorful culture of the Lisu people is of great significance to inheriting and carrying forward the excellent cultural traditions of the nation, enhancing national unity, It has important and far-reaching significance for enhancing national self-confidence and cohesion, promoting the development of local tourism industry and the construction of socialist spiritual civilization. These three legends all have a happy ending, which is used to express the vision of the future. Dechang Lisu folk literature is a reflection of social life, from which we can find clear traces of social development. 1. Precious folk literature value. "The Legend of the Lisu Yellow Valley" is deeply rooted in the local folk of the Lisu people, rich in national and local characteristics. It reflects the historical process of Abaofa and his wife discovering yellow valley, planting grains, and teaching the Lisu people to plant grains. It is the oral tradition of the Lisu people. 1. It is one of the classic works of Lisu literature and has important folk literature value. 2. Anthropological and folklore value. These three legends are important historical memories of the Lisu people from gathering to farming civilization. Their contents involve spiritual beliefs, value orientations, aesthetic tastes, lifestyles and other spiritual paradigms of the Lisu people, which are of great value for studying the civilization history of the Lisu people. 3. Ethical education value. The story creates the image of a hardworking, kind, thoughtful and helpful protagonist, expressing the Lisu people's love for the gospel that brings them, and has an important influence on the formation of the aesthetic character of the Lisu people.