Sitting in a knife-carrying sedan chair and playing iron ball at Xiajiangtou

Fujian
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The custom of sitting on a knife-carrying sedan chair and playing iron ball in Xiajiangtou has a history of hundreds of years and is the origin of Chinese Taoist culture. According to the inscription on the reconstruction of Longxian Altar, the altar was built in the year of Yiyou in the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1608). It has been 404 years so far. The altar enshrines the gods Yang Gong Taishi, Tian Gong Marshal, Zhang Gong Shengjun, Ma Gong Taishi, and Tie Gong Dashi. On the second day of the second lunar month, Longxian Altar holds a parade of gods as usual. At this time, the most distinctive performance of sitting on a knife-carrying sedan chair and playing iron ball attracts a large number of audiences, which is spectacular. The custom of sitting on a knife-carrying sedan chair and playing iron ball in Xiajiangtou is a combination of ancient Chinese witchcraft, unique martial arts and exquisite art, with mysterious, brave and magical characteristics. The choice of holding this folk activity on the second day of the second lunar month is closely related to the history of Putian's anti-Japanese struggle in the Ming Dynasty. According to the "Xinghua Prefecture Chronicle", during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, near the Spring Festival, Japanese pirates invaded Xinghua, broke through the city, burned, killed and looted, and the people were bleeding. On the first day of the second lunar month, Qi Jiguang's army defeated the Japanese pirates and recovered Xinghua. The people who fled returned home one after another, rebuilt their homes, and celebrated the Spring Festival, which was called "Da Sui". After a few years, life was stable. In order not to delay farming, the celebration of Da Sui was changed to the fourth day of the first lunar month. Longxiantan chose the second day of the second lunar month after defeating the Japanese pirates as the day to pray for peace in the countryside, which has special commemorative significance. The folk activity of riding a knife sedan and hitting iron balls also implies that with a heroic spirit, evil spirits are driven away and demons are swept away to defend one's homeland. The custom of riding a knife sedan and hitting iron balls in Longxiantan is a fine performance accompanying the gods when they go out to spread blessings. It is the most eye-catching artistic activity when the gods are on tour to spread blessings. Because the performance of hitting iron balls is closely coordinated with the various links of the gods leaving the palace, staying, and returning to the palace, and because the performers play different roles of gods, it has a certain mysterious color. The performance of riding a knife sedan and hitting iron balls must go through four stages: preparation, warm-up, choosing the right time and orientation, and parading and spreading blessings. 1. Preparation stage. One week before the second day of the second lunar month, the host of Longxian Temple organizes the preparatory activities. The deacons who participate in the parade eat vegetarian food for three days, and the children who participate in the iron ball game fast for seven days. At the same time, the whole village organizes a comprehensive sanitation cleaning and removes any obstacles on the parade route to ensure the safety and smoothness of the parade. 2. Warm-up stage. The 80-member tambourine band rehearses to coordinate with the performance, rhythm and atmosphere of the children. The children must grind the iron ball in the sandbox to remove the rust and make it shiny. 3. Time selection and orientation. On the evening of the first day of the second lunar month, the time and route of the next day's parade will be selected by the Longxian Temple. 4. Parade blessing ceremony: Before 2 pm on the second day of the second lunar month, the tambourine band, deacons, ceremonial guards, children and others gather in Longxian Palace. When the parade time came, the leaders of the eight squads struck the cloud board drum hanging high in the palace, and the gods Zhang Gong Shengjun, Dutong Shenghou, Ma Gong Taishi, Tie Gong Dashi, Tianshang Shengmu, and Liuye got on the sedan chair and left the palace, and Yang Gong Taishi was the last to come. At the same time, the child master got up, upper body 1, walked out of the palace gate surrounded by the tambourine band, and sat on the knife sedan chair. In the square in front of the palace gate, the child master began a wonderful and magical iron ball performance. Each person used one to five iron balls to hit his back, which was thrilling. This performance lasted about three hours during the parade, and was performed at seven fixed places along the way. When the parade ended that day and returned to the palace, the child master's performance was even more exciting. After eight o'clock the next day, the child master got up again and continued to perform iron ball, which was even more amazing. 5. Order of the parade blessing team: According to the traditional ritual ceremony, the parade team is arranged in a strict order, as follows: 1. The big flag leads the way, the flagpole is 4 meters long, and the flag is triangular. 2. A pair of headlights and a pair of head gongs. 3. A pair of big plaques and a pair of dragon head tributes. 4. Various art teams from the village or invited. 5. Tambourine band: 80 pairs of left bells and left drums, surrounded by 3 to 5 boys. 6. The gods in the altar are Zhang Gong Shengjun, Du Liu Shenghou, Ma Gong Taishi, Tie Gong Taishi, Tian Shang Shengmu, and Liu Ye. 7. Ceremonial weapons. A ceremonial guard composed of 36 ancient weapons. 8. Watching horses. Villagers voluntarily rent horses to join the parade, with tributes on their backs to thank the gods. 9. Incense extension: composed of about 20 children aged 10-12 in the village, wearing formal clothes, with makeup on their faces, holding incense, to show that the incense is passed down forever and this custom is passed down forever. 10. Street sweeping, performed by the older women in the village. 11. A pair of big golds and a pair of big gongs. 12. Eight classes, dressed according to the ancient eight classes. 13. Master. 14. The golden statue of Grand Tutor Yang, carried by 16 people and guarded by 4 people. This project has a history of more than 400 years, maintaining the ancient Taoist culture and the tragic history of Putian's resistance against Japanese invaders in the Ming Dynasty, expressing the people's vision of peace and happiness, and has positive cultural significance and profound historical implications.

Intangible culture related to the heritage

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