Nanyue Temple Fair was formed no later than the Southern Song Dynasty, flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, declined in the middle of the 20th century, and flourished after the 1990s. It has spread to places in Hunan, Hubei and all parts of the country where the fire god Zhurong is worshipped. Nanyue Temple Fair is mainly held in Nanyue Temple, Zhurong Hall and Tianfu Temple; Spring Festival Temple Fair, Tianfu Temple Fair and "Catching August" Temple Fair are the main carriers; folk activities mainly include praying for blessings and longevity, exorcising evil spirits and eliminating disasters, and social fire carnivals. Legend has it that Tianfu Emperor descends to the earth on the 17th day of the fifth lunar month every year to collect plague and cure diseases for the people in the Hengshan area. Nanyue holds various religious and folk activities in the half month before and after this to celebrate. The whole temple fair kicks off with the "Three Stars Pointing Auspiciousness" activity. In the first half of the 17th day of the fifth lunar month, some people dress up as the lucky star, the lucky star and the longevity star, and put red dots on the foreheads of children from all directions in the main hall of the temple. It is said that this can eliminate disasters and difficulties and help people grow up. Troupes from Hunan and other places entered Nanyue one after another, setting up stages and performing in the four streets of the ancient town and the big temple for more than half a month. Martial arts masters from all walks of life gathered in Nanyue, either to compete in arenas or to exchange martial arts. The Spring Festival temple fair in Nanyue Temple Fair was held from Laba to the Lantern Festival of the following year, including Laba porridge, lantern transmission, fire lantern parade, dragon and lion dance, stilt juggling and other activities, reaching a climax on the fourteenth day of the first lunar month to commemorate Zhurong's spreading of fire. On the fourteenth day of the first lunar month, Nanyue people took lanterns with New Year's wishes written on them, went to Zhurong Peak or Nanyue Temple, and took the ever-bright lanterns home. The "Catch the Eighth Month" temple fair was held from July to September of the lunar calendar. After the autumn harvest, people of all ethnic groups in Shaoyang, Changsha, Huaihua, Yueyang, Loudi, Pingxiang, Jinggangshan and other places rushed to Nanyue Hengshan with their harvested food to thank Zhurong for his blessing. The Nanyue Temple Fair was filled with the sound of gongs and drums, and was extremely lively. Hundreds of folk artists dressed in various ancient costumes gathered in street temples to perform various stories based on myths and legends, stilt walking, dragon and lion dances, land boats, pilgrimage songs and dances, etc. This event called "Nanyue Temple Fair Street Folk Culture Event" has become a joyful "carnival" for tens of thousands of Chinese and foreign tourists and local residents, continuing the folk culture of Nanyue Ancient Town that has been passed down for thousands of years, and adding a festive and peaceful atmosphere to Nanyue during the Lantern Festival. In May 2021, the Nanyue Temple Fair was selected into the fifth batch of the national intangible cultural heritage representative project list.