Xinjiang Maigaiti County is located in the southwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is a typical Uygur settlement area. About 89% of the population are Dolan Uygurs who are good at singing and dancing. Dolan Maixirefu mainly expresses the scenes of Uygur people's hunting in the wild, celebrating harvest, and happy life in the Dolan area. It includes Dolan Muqam singing, mass entertainment dance, catering, literary and artistic performances and various games. It is not limited by environmental conditions, time, and the number of participants. The procedures are strict, the types are numerous, and the content is rich and colorful. According to its nature and function, it can be roughly divided into four types: festival etiquette and life etiquette, agricultural and animal husbandry production, social activities, and other folk activities. Dolan Maixirefu has a long history. It is said that it originated from the indigenous ethnic culture of the Western Regions and was deeply influenced by Islamic culture. Some experts believe that when the ancestors of the Uygurs were engaged in fishing, hunting, and animal husbandry, they had improvised songs and dances in the wilderness, mountains, grasslands, and courtyards to express their lofty ambitions. In the long-term process of social and historical development, the Daolang Uyghurs have continuously enriched various life materials into the Daolang Maixirefu, forming a unique Daolang culture. Daolang Maixirefu is mainly spread among the Uyghurs in the Daolang area centered on the Yarkand River to the Tarim River basin on the northwest edge of the Tarim Basin, especially in Maigaiti County. Because the Daolang Maixirefu dance has endless variations, is passionate and unrestrained, has a large number of participants, and is not restricted by time and place, it has become the main way to cultivate Daolang Maixirefu folk artists and cultivate the sentiments of the Daolang people. It has always maintained the rich original ecological characteristics of the Tarim indigenous songs and dances, and is an important part of the daily life of the Daolang Uyghurs. Daolang Maixirefu is an encyclopedia for studying the history, social life, and spiritual outlook of the Daolang Uyghurs. The excavation, rescue, and protection of Daolang Maixirefu will have a positive role in promoting the construction of spiritual civilization in Xinjiang, enriching the cultural life of the people, improving the quality of the people, promoting the all-round development of people, and building a socialist harmonious society.