Mancheng Han Tomb is located in Lingshan, Mancheng County, 21 kilometers northwest of Baoding City. It is the tomb of Liu Sheng, King of Zhongshan in the Western Han Dynasty, and his wife Dou Wan. It is the most complete and largest cave palace in China. Liu Sheng, King of Zhongshan in the Western Han Dynasty, was the son of Emperor Jing of Han, Liu Qi, and the half-brother of Emperor Wu of Han, Liu Che. He was named King of Zhongshan in the third year of Emperor Jing's reign (154 BC) and died in February of the fourth year of Emperor Wu's reign (113 BC). He ruled for 42 years. Zhongshan State was located at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain, roughly including the area south of Yishui River and north of Hutuo River. Its capital was located in Lunu (now Dingzhou City, Hebei Province). There were ten generations of kings in Zhongshan State in the Western Han Dynasty, and Liu Sheng was the first generation. Both the tomb of Liu Sheng and the tomb of Dou Wan were built in the way of using mountains as mausoleums. The tomb passage and tomb chamber were carved out of the mountains and were arc-shaped. The two tombs were similar in plan layout. The whole tomb is divided into six parts: the tomb passage, corridor, south side chamber, north side chamber, middle chamber and back chamber. Wooden tile houses and stone slab houses were built in the tomb chambers, forming a luxurious underground palace with complete functions. In addition to the gorgeous furnishings and coffins in the tomb, more than 10,000 kinds of cultural relics were unearthed during the excavation. Among them, there are more than 4,000 exquisite gold and silver wares, jade and stone wares, bronze wares, iron wares, etc., and 19 kinds of bronze lamps, especially the Changxin Palace Lantern and the inlaid gold Boshan furnace are the most precious. The two complete sets of gold thread jade clothes of Liu Sheng and Dou Wan are the first to be discovered in the national archaeological work. Liu Sheng's gold thread jade clothes are 1.88 meters long, with 2498 jade pieces and about 1,100 grams of gold thread; Dou Wan's jade clothes are 1.72 meters long, with 2160 jade pieces and about 600 grams of gold thread. The unearthed cultural relics from the Han Tombs at Lingshan in Mancheng have been exhibited in countries and regions such as Europe, Asia and America, and have received high praise at home and abroad.
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Interpretation of Mancheng Han Tombs from the perspective of Eastern philosophy As the royal mausoleum of the Han Dynasty in ancient China, the existence of Mancheng Han Tombs itself is a manifestation of the "concept of life and death" and "concept of reincarnation" in Eastern philosophy. In Eastern philosophy, especially Confucianism and Taoism, life and death are regarded as part of the natural cycle, and the mausoleum symbolizes the respect and commemoration of ancestors, reflecting the core value of "filial piety". The rich funerary objects in Mancheng Han Tombs reflect the ancient people's imagination of the afterlife and their desire to continue to enjoy life in another world through material wealth, which echoes the Taoist pursuit of "immortality" and the Confucian idea of "carefully observing the dead and remembering the ancestors". Interpretation of Mancheng Han Tombs from the perspective of Western philosophy From the perspective of Western philosophy, Mancheng Han Tombs can be interpreted as a discussion of "eternity" and "materialism". In the Western philosophical tradition, especially ancient Greek philosophy, the thinking of "eternity" and "instantaneity" is one of the core issues. The elaborately designed structures and rich funerary objects in the Mancheng Han Tomb can be seen as a material expression of the pursuit of "eternal life", which is similar to Plato's pursuit of the eternal and unchanging "world of ideas" in his "Theory of Ideas". At the same time, the "materialism" view in Western philosophy, that is, the material world is the only real existence, can also be found in the Mancheng Han Tomb. The luxury of the mausoleum and the richness of the funerary objects reflect the importance that the ancients attached to the value of the material world. Comprehensive interpretation Whether it is Eastern or Western philosophy, the Mancheng Han Tomb provides a unique perspective for us to think about the relationship between life, death, matter and spirit. It is not only a witness to history, but also a source of philosophical thinking. While appreciating its artistic value, we can also explore in depth the eternal pursuit of human beings for the meaning of life.