Wuzhou Kiln is located in Tiedian Village, Langya Township, Jinhua City. Jinhua was called Wuzhou in the early Tang Dynasty because it was "located where the two stars Venus and Wu Nu compete for splendor". It has a history of more than 1,800 years and a splendid culture, which can be called a romantic style through the ages. As early as the late Neolithic Age more than 4,000 years ago, the ancestors used local porcelain clay and lime glaze to make pottery. Wuzhou Kiln is widely distributed, and its main production areas are in Jinhua, Wuyi, Dongyang and other places. It started with the primitive porcelain of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and fired mature green glazed porcelain in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and brown glazed porcelain; Buddhism was prevalent in the Southern Dynasties, and lotus became a common decoration; opalescent glazed porcelain and flower porcelain were successfully fired in the early Tang Dynasty; painted porcelain, blue-and-white porcelain, and black porcelain appeared after the Song Dynasty; blue-and-white porcelain was produced until the Ming Dynasty. It lasted for more than 2,700 years, and more than 600 ancient kiln sites have been discovered, which is rare in China. In addition, the stacking technology of Wuzhou Kiln has unique artistic beauty. As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period, Wuzhou Kiln was able to skillfully use techniques such as kneading, pasting, carving, and hollowing to show people, animals, pavilions, etc. on various objects, which were lifelike and vivid. In the Song Dynasty, high relief appeared. During this period, the stacking technology represented by the opalescent glaze double dragon plum vase had reached its peak, vividly reproducing the people's religion, folk customs, clothing, architecture, acrobatic art and other life forms at that time, which had not been seen in other kilns such as Yue Kiln. The status and influence of Wuzhou Kiln in the history of Chinese ceramics are indelible. Creating the ingenious use of makeup clay The application of makeup clay on porcelain was an innovation in the porcelain making process of Wuzhou Kiln craftsmen in the Western Jin Dynasty. Makeup clay is a decorative raw material. It is white porcelain clay with low iron oxide content. After careful washing, it has a fine texture and is milky white. The use of make-up soil can make the surface of the originally rough body smooth and flat, and the original dark gray or dark purple body can be cleverly covered. After firing, the glaze of the utensils that have been used with make-up soil appears smooth and full, moist and thick, which greatly improves the quality of the product and increases the beauty of the utensils. People generally believe that the use of make-up soil on utensils may have appeared in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Archaeological discoveries in Wuzhou Kiln prove that it was used in large quantities as early as the Western Jin Dynasty. For example, a porcelain bowl unearthed from a tomb in Jielu Village, Quzhou City in the eighth year of Yuankang in the Jin Dynasty (298 AD) has make-up soil on its surface; the body surfaces of porcelain bowls, cups, pots and other utensils unearthed in Lutan Village and Wangzhai Village in Wuyi are all covered with a layer of milky white make-up soil. Make-up soil began to be used in Deqing Kiln, Zhejiang Province and other places in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Make-up soil continued to be used as a decorative raw material until the Tang Dynasty, and was widely adopted as an advanced technology by kilns across the country. Covering the body with make-up soil makes the glaze layer look beautiful and bright. The emergence of make-up clay played a positive role in popularizing the porcelain industry, expanding the range of raw materials, and improving the quality of porcelain. Mr. Feng Xianming, a famous archaeologist, once praised the use of make-up clay by Wuzhou Kiln as "a very meaningful creation." The Wuzhou Kiln fired opalescent glaze in the early Tang Dynasty. At least 6 Wuzhou Kilns in the early Tang Dynasty that fired blue and white opalescent glaze have been discovered. For a long time, the traditional view is that the opalescent glaze of Wuzhou Kiln was introduced by Jun Kiln craftsmen when the Southern Song Dynasty moved its capital to Lin'an. Therefore, the opalescent glaze porcelain of Wuzhou Kiln is called Nanjun or imitation Jun. The large number of opalescent glaze porcelain products of Wuzhou Kiln in the early Tang Dynasty have raised objections to the traditional view and are of great significance to verifying the important historical status of Wuzhou Kiln. The opalescent glaze of Wuzhou Kiln was successfully fired as early as the early Tang Dynasty. The opaque glaze is purely caused by the separation of two liquid phases. There are few glaze bubbles and residual crystal images in the glaze. The glaze surface is sky blue or moon white, with very little sky blue. It has a jade texture and is crystal clear and beautiful. This opaque glaze has been popular since the early Tang Dynasty and has continued to the Yuan Dynasty. The glaze color has further become a means of beautifying porcelain, which is rare in the history of Chinese ceramics. Mr. Xianming believes that the quality of Wuzhou Kiln porcelain is second only to Yue Kiln before the Tang Dynasty. Wuzhou Kiln can be said to be the most precious legacy left to the Chinese nation by the ancient ancestors of Jinhua. Wuzhou Kiln is more prominent in the innovation of glaze color. It began to sprinkle brown glaze on the green glaze in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, which increased the ornamental value of the objects. In 1976, archaeologists salvaged more than 10,000 Yuan Dynasty Chinese ceramics, hundreds of lacquerware and hundreds of metal objects, more than 100,000 coins and other cultural relics in the Xin'an Sea in the southwest corner of South Korea. The latest coin in the shipwreck is "Zhi Da Tong Bao", which shows that the accident should have occurred in the Yuan Dynasty. In addition to the products of Longquan in Zhejiang and Jingdezhen in Jiangxi, there are also many products of Wuzhou Kiln. At that time, many people believed that they were "imitations of Jun Kiln" from the north, because the opalescent glaze on the vessels was very similar to that of Jun Kiln. Later, experts unearthed such specimens in Tiedian Kiln in Jinhua, which solved the mystery. There is a tripod basin in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taiwan, which is basically the same as the one unearthed in the waters of Sinan in South Korea. It is very likely that it is also a product of Tiedian Kiln, which shows that Tiedian Kiln also fired porcelain for the palace. The book "Xin'an Shipwreck Relics" describes the bodies of the Jun-glazed porcelains that have been unearthed as follows: "Jun-glazed porcelains include flower pots, water trays, pot-shaped water spouts, etc. Because their glazes and body soil are obviously different from the Jun glazes of the Yuan Dynasty in the north, they may be products of the south imitating the north. The body soil is slightly rougher than that of the north, and there is gray in addition to black glaze, and it has been glazed twice. Despite this, there is no red radiated by cinnabar, nor is there any milky white inside, only beautiful sky blue." "Despite the two glazes, the feet, bottom and outer bottom of the periphery are not glazed, and traces of two glazes can be seen at the joints of the exposed body parts. The exposed body part looks gray with brown, the body soil is rough, the glaze color is also grayish-white and blue, mottled, the glaze is thick and does not flow, the accumulated part is darker grayish-white, and the cinnabar is not red at all." How was the Wuzhou kiln exported? Experts believe that it was exported from Hangzhou or transferred to Mingzhou (now Ningbo, Zhejiang). In recent years, fragments of products from the Tiedian kiln have been found during urban construction in Hangzhou and Ningbo. The more than 10,000 pieces of Yuan Dynasty Chinese ceramics recovered from the waters of Sinan in South Korea were most likely shipped from Hangzhou. The celadon came from the Longquan kiln system, the blue-and-white porcelain came from Jingdezhen, and the Jun-glazed porcelain came from the Jinhua area. Because most of the goods for export at that time had to be transferred from Hangzhou. Historical records show that the sea route from Hangzhou to Japan at that time could reach Japan in seven days and seven nights with a favorable wind. During the Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties, Wuzhou kiln opalescent glaze wares were exported in large quantities to foreign countries, contributing to the exchange of world economy and culture.