Penyao Village is located at the foot of the red soil slope of Jiufeng Mountain on the Yang side of Taihang Mountain, 14 kilometers north of Qinyang City. It is named after the generations of pottery basins fired, and is a famous black pottery town in China. According to legends and historical records, during the Wu Zhou Dynasty, the pottery basins and pottery incense tables fired in Wanshan Town were listed as tribute, called imperial black pottery, and rewarded with "three thousand pieces of cloth and silk". In the third year of Huichang (843) of Emperor Wuzong of Tang Dynasty, in order to conquer the rebel general Liu Zhen, Heyang Jiedushi Wang Maoyuan led 3,000 infantry and cavalry to guard Wanshan Town at the southern entrance of Guyangchangban. The clay basins, clay urns, clay pots and other utensils used by the army were mostly black pottery products produced by the Wanshan Town Penyao Kiln. One of the reasons why the black pottery of Wanshan Town has excellent quality is that there is a red soil slope in the north of the village. The soil here has fine particles, high viscosity, and oily color. The black pottery made here is as hard as porcelain and has a glaze feel. Potters are kind-hearted people. Villagers dig holes on the red soil slope to build kilns, collect mud, make blanks, and burn kilns. They eat and live in the kilns. Gradually, a new village is formed under the red soil slope, which is named "Pen Yao". In the Ming Dynasty, the pottery kiln in Pen Yao Village developed from the original East Ditch to the East and West Ditch. The varieties of pottery also include the original wheel-made, plain polished, incense offerings, pottery urns, pottery basins, pottery jars and other traditional products, and many new varieties such as carved molds, perforated set flower pots, fish basins, and longevity bottles have been added. These pottery are black glazed and shiny, and can make the sound of copperware when knocked, which is very popular. In the 1920s and 1930s, every household in Pen Yao Village had a wooden wheel and smoke from the kiln. There were more than 130 companies engaged in black pottery production. The shape of the pottery has also developed from a single piece to a set, with a wide variety of styles and a full range of varieties. On the basis of maintaining traditional techniques, Pen Yao black pottery has also boldly improved pottery making technology, using carving techniques to carve reliefs on the pottery surface, making the shape more beautiful and simple. During the thousands of years of historical development, the basic production content and firing process of basin kiln black pottery have developed from the early rough process of selecting soil, selecting firewood, shaping the body, drying the blank, and firing to a richer and more scientific firing process of selecting soil, beating into mud, throwing the blank, forming the membrane, drawing the membrane, embossing the membrane, and firing the finished product. Basin kiln black pottery is simple and elegant, with sophisticated craftsmanship. Its distinctive features are "thin body, accurate shape, straight body, flat bottom, beautiful and generous decoration, glossy and bright color, no impurities inside and outside, crisp and melodious knocking", and it is known as "black as lacquer, bright as a mirror, thin as paper, and hard as porcelain". Basin kiln black pottery has a simple and elegant shape, sophisticated production technology, bright and warm style, and freehand drawing and relief of utensils, which has high cultural appreciation and collection value. In June 2009, "black pottery making skills" were announced by the Henan Provincial People's Government as the second batch of representative projects of Henan Province's intangible cultural heritage. In November 2018, the Henan Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, the Henan Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology, and the Henan Provincial Department of Finance released the first batch of provincial traditional craft revitalization catalogs. Qinyang City's "black pottery making skills" was the only project selected in Jiaozuo City and was listed. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)