Shuangfeng Xinhu Dragon and Lion Making Technique

Jiangsu
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Shuangfeng Xinhu Dragon and Lion Making Skills is a traditional skill item in the fourth batch of representative items of Suzhou City's intangible cultural heritage. Shuangfeng Town is located in the northwest of Taicang City. Shuangfeng people began to dance dragons and lions in the Qing Dynasty. During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, Zeng Guofan, the leader of the Hunan Army, was a "dragon and lion fan" and often carried out dragon and lion dance activities in the military camp. In 1864, after he led his troops to capture Tianjing (now Nanjing), the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, his subordinates and descendants gradually dispersed and drifted to the north and south of the Yangtze River. Some of them settled in Shuangfeng, Taicang, and brought the skills of Hunan people in making dragons and lions and dancing dragons and lions to Shuangfeng. After that, beggars who fled famine and begged for food in northern Jiangsu, Henan and other places gradually settled here. They also brought their ancestral dragon and lion dance skills to make a living, making Shuangfeng a place where folk dragon and lion dance skills are integrated. The prosperity of contemporary dragon and lion dance began in the 1970s. Qiu Guoliang, then the director of Xinhu Town Cultural Station, discovered the folk art treasure of dragon and lion dance. He organized the educated youth who went to the countryside to form a township art performance team and set up an art factory. He integrated the skills of making double phoenix dragon and lion with martial arts, dance and acrobatics, and restored the folk art of dragon and lion dance. In recent years, many migrant workers from Sichuan, Hubei, Guangdong and Fujian have settled in Shuangfeng. Influenced by the dragon and lion art, they brought the "E Lion" from Macheng, Hubei and the awakening lion (also known as the South Lion) from Guangdong and southern Fujian to Shuangfeng, and established 8 dragon and lion performance teams. During every New Year, Shuangfeng Town is full of dragons and lions, and drums and music are loud. Shuangfeng dragon and lion have many varieties, mainly dragons, lions, lanterns, palace lanterns, paper-cuts, drama and dance costumes, Danghu boats and dragon and phoenix boats. At the same time, they make props and costumes for TV, movies, dramas and acrobatics in various places. A 2008-meter-long dragon made in 2008 set a Shanghai Guinness record. With the continuous expansion of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, the products of Shuangfeng Dragon and Lion have spread overseas, such as Australia, Japan, the United States and Taiwan. The production of Shuangfeng Dragon and Lion adopts new technology and new materials, and has modern aesthetic creativity. It is low in cost, light in weight, short in production period, easy to disassemble, and has good appearance. The types of lions are divided into southern lions and northern lions. The northern lions are divided into double lions, single lions and hand lions. The production process of southern lions is the same as that of northern lions, but the materials are different. The materials for making southern lions are traditional bamboo strips tied into lion heads and lion bodies, and then decorated with cloth, and the colors and patterns are painted on the cloth, which is more gorgeous. Dragons can be divided into single dragons and standard dragons (with 10 people as the standard) according to the number of performers; according to the performance method, they can be divided into segmented dragons (the dragon body is not connected, connected by dragon dance movements) and line dragons (pulled with ropes); according to the materials, they can be divided into bench dragons, straw dragons, shoulder pole dragons, fire dragons, water dragons, bamboo leaf dragons, tea dragons, lotus dragons and plum blossom dragons. The production of dragon heads mainly includes dragon heads and accessories. The dragon head is divided into two parts, the front and the back. The front part of the dragon head is cast with fiberglass, and the back part is tied into a cylindrical shape with bamboo strips, and then the dragon horns are installed, and then wrapped with cloth to form the dragon neck. The accessories are eyes, whiskers, chins, teeth, eyelashes and eyebrows. The dragon body is mainly made of dragon clothes, dragon tails and dragon balls. The dragon clothes are made of silk and satin, and the dragon tail is cast with fiberglass or tied with bamboo strips. The dragon ball is tied with bamboo strips. The double phoenix dragon and lion are majestic and are loved and welcomed by people. Dragon and lion dances are a folk custom. The dragon is an ancient totem of the Han nationality, and the lion has a majestic appearance. They are both auspicious beasts. For a long time, folk blessings, festivals or other celebrations have been cheered up by dragon and lion dances, which have become an important form of enlivening people's cultural life and have great cultural and artistic value.

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