1. Development History Gongguluo originated in Shuyang. The singing and dialogue are all in Shuyang dialect, or Shuyang dialect with Zhongzhou rhyme. Gongguluo has been divided into four major schools for hundreds of years, namely Dongwang School, Xiwang School, Tan School and Fang School. Around the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the folk art from northern Jiangsu to Shandong was divided into ten major schools: Zhang, Sha, Yang, Han, Shao, Li, Gao, Nan, Chai and Gui. Gongguluo belongs to the "Li School". For more than a hundred years, the Huaihai drum and gong artists in Guanyun, Lianshui, Siyang and other places have all passed on their skills from the four schools in Shuyang. Gaogou (which belonged to Shuyang at that time) has a famous artist Wang Tongkun (about 140 years ago), known as the "Dongwang School". The eldest apprentice was named Yu Kaifa in Wuzhang River, Guanyun, and was best at singing "Qipanhui" and "Xiangjianghui". The second apprentice lived in Shijiama, Lianshui, named Zhu You, and was best at singing "Da Zhou" and "Da Song". The third apprentice Qiao Kaiye lives in Huidun, Lianshui, and is best at singing "Ten Golden Fans". The master of the famous modern Lianshui artist Jin Huazhang (deceased) is Mr. Wang Kaicheng from Wangjian Village, Shuyang (dead for more than 50 years). Jin Huazhang is a descendant of the Tanmen of Shuyang. He has superb skills in singing and speaking, beautiful and moving singing, rich voice and emotion, vivid and colorful, and strong language logic. He is known as "scattering soil without leaking", and has the reputation of "Mei Lanfang in the south of the Yangtze River and Jin Huazhang in the north". Another Lianshui artist Li Wenxue is the apprentice of Shen Kaijun of Shuyang. The Xiwang School lives in Houzhongyuan, Shucheng. The founder of the school, Gao Wanyou (deceased), is good at singing Xiaogunban, and his best books are "Donghan Mountain", "Baxian Island", "Shuo Tang", etc. There is a senior brother Sun Yuxiang (from Beidingji, Shuyang) who accepted Cao Youlin (from Siyang). Tan Shilong, a famous artist in Shuyang today, is the disciple of Gao Wanyou. The largest school in Shuyang is the "Tan School". The famous artist Tan Mugang (nickname) is also known as Tan Daduzi (meaning that he has a lot of books in his stomach and can sing). Tan Mugang is a scholar and very knowledgeable. He is good at compiling and singing books. His eldest disciple Qiao Kaisheng is the "great singer" in Shuyang. Qiao Kaisheng's eldest disciple Huang Yongxin is the honorary president of the Shuyang County Quyi Association and the father of Huang Jincai, a member of the Municipal CPPCC. Huang Jincai is a member of the Jiangsu Quyi Artists Association. He has a lot of books in his stomach, his singing is rough and thick, steady, his language is solid, his pronunciation is clear, and there is no excessive action performance. He relies entirely on language and voice to attract people, and he is quite knowledgeable about the rap skills of quyi. His disciples account for about half of the gong and drum artists in Shuyang. Fang Kaijie (more than 120 years ago) from Wanpi Dafang Village is nicknamed "Xiaotai Pao" and belongs to the "Fang School". This school of art has been basically transformed by other schools, and it is not very famous after only two or three generations. Later, some artists did not follow a single teacher, absorbed the strengths of many schools, and formed their own style. They were called "Haiqing Legs" among artists. This is not a special discussion. In short, according to the old artists Wang Longyang and Zhong Weiyu, Gongguluo originated from Shuyang and spread to Guanyun, Lianshui, Siyang, Donghai, Lianyungang and other places. Most of the Gongguluo artists are men, and there are very few female artists after the 1960s. 2. Performance form Gongguluo performance is convenient, free and flexible. The artist only needs to carry a drum and a gong, and can sing and sing on a bench. The instruments used are one drum and one gong. The drum is as small as a ball, with rings on both sides, and it is suitable to be hung on the drum fork; the gong is as small as a plate. The left hand beats the gong and the right hand beats the drum. The drum comes from Huai'an and Shuyang Shizi Town, and the gong comes from Suzhou. Before liberation, Gongguluo artists were all men, and after liberation, there began to be a few female artists. The gong and drum classics have opening gongs, closing gongs, and singing gongs; the lyrics have four sentence patterns: three words, five words, seven words, and ten words. There are many books sung by artists, which are generally divided into two categories: one is traditional books, which are mostly historical figures and historical stories, which are divided into two types: books with versions and books without versions; the other is the books newly compiled by artists in modern and contemporary times to cooperate with current political propaganda. 3. Characteristics of singing style The singing style of gonggu gong is relatively monotonous, with more speaking than singing. There are generally two types of singing methods: one is "floating tune" and the other is "old gong tune". Floating tune (without chest sound) is mostly used for needlework plaques and lamenting content, and old gong tune (with chest sound) is mostly used for sword and horse lyrics and "calling head", "sad tune", "happy tune", "Yangzi sound", "rolling board", "counting board", etc. The gong and drum sutras include [opening gong], [closing gong], and [singing gong]. The opening gongs include [Phoenix 0 head], [three stack feet], [long fan gong], [short fighting gong], etc. The singing gongs include [old eight boards], [slow flowing water], [flowers with dots], [a basin of water], [fish mouth], etc. The singing of Huaihai gongs and drums includes four sentence patterns: three words, five words, seven words, and ten words. Three words are called "Zan", five words are called "Duo", seven words are called "Yun", and ten words are called "Qing". IV. Main repertoires 1. Repertoires with versions: "The Investiture of the Gods", "The Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty", "The Western Han Dynasty", "The Eastern Han Dynasty", "The Story of the Tang Dynasty", "The Eastern and Western Jin Dynasties", "Xue Rengui's Expedition to the East", "Wu Zetian's Usurpation of the Throne", "Fan Lihua's Expedition to the West", "Luo Tong's Sweeping the North", "Liu Jin's Conquest of the Southern Tang", "Xue Gang's Rebellion against the Tang Dynasty", "The Great Yue Tang", "The Story of Yue Fei", "The Story of the Yang Family", "The Story of the Great Hero", "The Story of the Golden Whip", "The Smoke and Cloud Ridge", "The Silk Cleansing Party", "The Picture of Eight Beauties", "The Golden Fan", "The Picture of the Awakening Lion", "The Picture of Five Flowers", "The Strange Swordsman", "The Big Five Heroes", "The Small Five Heroes", "The Big Eight Heroes", "The Small Eight Heroes", "The Case of Peng Gong", "The Case of Shi Gong", "The Case of Bao Gong", "The Case of Liu Gong", "The Picture of Tianbao", "The Story of Bandits", "Journey to the West", "Water Margin", etc. 2. Repertoires without versions: The ones created by the artists themselves include "The Picture of Righteousness" (compiled by Yuan Chi of Yangkou, Lianshui County), "Shuihan Mountain" (compiled by Gao Wanyou of Shuyang), "The Thirteen Treasures", "The Seven Righteous Plums", (compiled by Sun Litong of Guanyun). There are also books transplanted from Shandong drum, such as "Nine Lotus Lanterns" and "Six Pearls Tower". There are also some popular traditional books, such as "The Story of Nine Dragons and Pacific Ocean", "Liang Hongyu", "Rebirth", "Meng Lijun", "Li Guanbao Goes to His Parents", "The Story of Nanyang", "Seven Swords and Thirteen Heroes", "Seven Sons and Thirteen Grandsons", "The Story of Gold Bracelets and Jade Rings", "Gathering of Heroes", "The Story of Dragon Lanterns", etc. 3. Modern and contemporary programs: "Wild Fire and Spring Breeze Fighting the Ancient City" (adapted version), "Three Pairs of Red Stars", "Shanghai Strange Case", "Hongqiao Cemetery", "Lin Hai Xue Yuan" (adapted version), "Beishan Guerrillas", "Yangtze River Guerrillas", "Crossing the River Reconnaissance", "Fire and Steel" (adapted version), "Huang Shichang Visits Home", "Unknown Brand Watch", "Plain Gunshots", "Island Female Militia", "Red Lantern", etc. Most of these books are adapted by artists based on revolutionary war stories. Short programs of current affairs propaganda written and sung by the self-composers during the three major revolutionary movements before liberation, such as "Big Production", "Women's Liberation", "Sending Children to the Army", "Sending Military Shoes", "Destroying Zhenglou", "Battle of Chengdaokou", "Battle of Shuanggou", "Huaihai Campaign", "Ten Glories", etc. The singing of these books has played a great propaganda and educational role in inspiring the people, uniting the people and fighting the enemy. 5. Introduction to the inheritor Zhang Fayan, male, born in August 1946, from Sangxu Town, Shuyang County, joined the Quyi Association in 1979, served as group leader and vice president, served as president since 1988, and served as vice president of Suqian Opera and Quyi Association in 2001, and director of the Shuyang County Federation of Literary and Art Circles. In addition to the true teachings of his master and master, he also received the true teachings of his uncle Sun Qinghua, Li Junsheng, and his adoptive father Tan Shilong. He has good singing and modulation, good book quatrains, coherent white mouth, and good speed of speech. There are more than 300 book performances. Zhang Fayan has good singing inflection, powerful storytelling, coherent dialogue, and good lyrics. Representative books include "The Legend of Flying Dragon", "Ten Golden Pills", "Five Swords and Thirteen Treasures", "The Picture of King Kong's Ten Thousand Blessings", "Six Pearls", "Gulan Ying's Expedition to the West", and "The Legend of the Qing Dynasty Six Peonies". Inheritance pedigree: the first generation Shen Guangxian, the second generation Shen Lanting, the third generation Shen Kaijun, - Ye Shantang, the fifth generation Tang Chuanbiao, the sixth generation Zhang Fayan, Zhang Fayan accepted Zhang Qiwen, Guannan Tanggou He Yunzhu as apprentices. Yang Jinzhi, female, born in June 1971, from Gaoxu Town, Shuyang County, has participated in quyi since 1985, and is currently the vice president of Shuyang County Quyi Association. He has received the true teachings of his master, and has been guided by the descendants of Yang, Wu, Wang, and Zhang schools, and has practical knowledge. The singing is beautiful and moving, and the gong and drum beating skills are relatively high. Representative repertoires include "Sui and Tang Dynasties", "East and West Tang", "Later Zhou", "Liu Jinding South Tang", "Southern Song Dynasty", etc. There are more than 200 performances in the book catalog, which has a great influence in the local area. Inheritance genealogy: the first generation is Fang Kaijia, the second generation is Xu Baode, the third generation is Zhang Dingshan, -Xu Xueyi, the fifth generation is Yang Jinzhi, and the disciple is Fan Erning.