The wool-rolling and wool-weaving techniques of the Yi people in Liangshan have a long history and unique craftsmanship. According to the ancient Yi book "Origin Sutra", the Yi people's wool-felt-rolling began in the era of their ancestor Ayo Axian, while spinning and weaving began in the era of Pu Meileiyi, the mother of the Yi hero Zhige Alu. The earliest documented record was in the Han Dynasty, but its origin and existence should be earlier than the records in Han documents. Some of the bronze figurines unearthed from the "Dian King Family" cemetery in the Shizhaishan Ancient Tombs in Jinning, Yunnan, were dressed in linen clothes, while others were dressed in kasshes and wala, which looked very gorgeous. This shows that in the "Dian Kingdom" period from the 4th century BC to the 1st century BC, the spinning products of the Yi people in the southwest included not only linen cloth, but also exquisitely crafted wool-made products such as kasshes and wala. [Distribution area] The production techniques of Yi "Gashi" and "Wala" are distributed in 17 counties and cities in three dialect areas of Shengza, Yinuo and Suodi in Liangshan Yi area, among which Zhaojue County is the most prominent, mainly distributed in four dialect areas of seven districts in Zhaojue County, namely Guli, Zhuhe, Bier, Jiefanggou, Sikai and Fucheng. [Basic content] The types of wool products of Liangshan Yi are mainly Jiashi and Wala. In addition, there are "Bozi" (felt warrior costume), "Zhengwo" (felt socks), "Lewo" (felt Dharma hat), and Yi women's "Shapabo" (wool skirt), "Danhongzani" (red wool skirt), etc. "Jashi" has two types: single-layer and double-layer. The single-layer one is called "Shabo or Abo" and is worn inside the "Wala", while the double-layer Jiashi is worn alone. The single-layer felt is easy to wear and can be worn when working. The double-layer Jiashi is worn at grand ceremonies and serves as a formal dress. There are natural colors, gray, white, black, and also dyed blue. White, gray, and black kasshes or abos are worn by middle-aged and elderly men and women of the Yi nationality, while blue or cyan ones are worn by young men and women. (I) Felt rolling technique. First, loosen the clean wool again on the bamboo curtain, and use a bowstring to put the wool on the bamboo curtain little by little, and flatten it into a rectangular shape. The size of the square determines the size of the felt. A large felt uses about five or six pounds of wool, while a small one can be four or three pounds. The felt roller sprays a large amount of cold or warm water on the square of wool that has been spread on the bamboo curtain. Then roll up the bamboo curtain and the flatly spread wool together, and roll them back and forth with both hands. At this time, the water seeps out, and the wool in the bamboo curtain is rubbed into a felt sheet due to the water force. Then wrap the felt sheet on a bamboo pole and roll it repeatedly on a bamboo mat to form a thick felt sheet. Put a wool rope on the end of the felt sheet that is used as the collar, and insert it into it to form the collar of the felt sheet. The three sides are also mixed into the felt in turn to form a whole piece with even edges. At this time, the collar and edges can be collected. The kasashi (felt) is formed, and then folded up. The double-layer kasashi has about thirty folds. Finally, it is clamped with a plywood and tied with a hemp rope. It can be untied after seven or eight days. After untied, it can be worn. Finally, the kasashi can be dyed black or blue according to personal color preferences. The collar of the kasashi worn by adults is generally about 50 cm long. The total length is generally determined by the height of the wearer. It is generally between the thigh and the calf, and the shortest is the thigh. It is a feature of the dialect area of Liangshan Yi. The white kasashi is made of white wool, and a wool rope is passed through the collar. Here, the collar and neck size can be adjusted according to the size of the body. The felt surface is pleated and can be worn by men, women, old and young. (II) Wool textile technology. The wool weaving skills of the Yi ethnic group in Liangshan are mastered by Yi women. Yi women often wash and dry the wool, pull the wool into fluff, and twist it into wool yarn. The twisting tools include spinning wheels and small baskets. There are also spinning wheels for twisting. When twisting, hold the fur in the left hand and the spinning wheel in the right hand, twist one end of the fur into a thin thread and put it on the hook of the spinning wheel, then rub the spinning wheel with the right fingers while rotating it, and pull the thread. In this way, the thread is twisted by rubbing, pulling, and pinching. Twist and pull a section of the thread and wrap it back on the spinning wheel, and repeat this operation. The wool yarn is fine and uniform. Then use the spinning wheel to rub it tightly and firmly, and then roll it into a ball of thread and put it in a dustpan; when spinning and weaving, the weaving line must be set up first, which the Yi people call "Yiheshi". That is, the weaver chooses a relatively flat place as the line setting place, and nails dozens of wooden stakes of uniform thickness and orderly arrangement on this flat ground, and then reciprocates to wrap the thread around the stakes. The thread weaving stakes are in a rectangular shape of 156 cm long and 48 cm wide. There are about 20 stakes in total, that is, five to seven stakes of the same length and thickness are nailed on the wide sides of the left and right ends of the thread setter. The stakes are arranged vertically, and the seven stakes at both ends are 8 cm apart. Only two stakes are nailed on the long side of the thread weaving stake (the side close to the thread setter), arranged horizontally on the left and right, one is the dividing stake and the other is the winding stake, 34 cm apart, arranged in the way that the dividing stake is on the right and the winding stake is on the left. The winding stake is 73 cm away from the first stake in the left vertical row. The number of stakes on the other long side depends on the length or size of the fabric, with more for larger ones and fewer for smaller ones; when winding, start winding from the first of the seven stakes in the right vertical row, from right to left through the dividing stake to the winding stake to the first of the seven stakes in the left vertical row, then back to the second stake in the right vertical row, and then wind to the stakes on the other long side and then back to the first stake in the right vertical row. Repeat this process until the number of strands is 120, 125, and 130. The more strands the better. The best is 130 strands. Use other colored threads to separate the windings at the dividing piles, then take the threads from the last pile and braid them to the first pile in the left vertical row. Generally, about 310 cm is left as the weaving thread. Weave one section at a time until the weaving is finished. If the fabric is a wala, leave one section of thread at the end as the wala tassel. No thread is needed for wala without tassel. When packing up the piles, all other piles do not need to be kept. Only one winding pile is left on the weaving line. Remove it before weaving and use a bamboo pole with the same thickness as the winding pile to replace it, because the bamboo pole is lighter on the weaving line. Finally, tie one end of the braided thread on a wooden pile, put on the weaving belt, insert the shuttle into the longitude and latitude, and the weaving knife, and then weave. The Yi people call this process "Yiheshi". [Basic characteristics] 1. The wool rolling and weaving skills of the Yi people are closely related to the origin and long history of the Yi people. It can be said that it contains the symbolic significance of ancient culture and has always influenced the evolution and development of Yi clothing for thousands of years. 2. Wool products occupy a very important position and role in the life of the Yi people. The product features are thick, light, windproof, cold-proof, convenient for labor and grazing, and better serve the production and life of the Yi people. 3. The wool textiles and rolled products of the Yi people are of various types, rich in content and unique in characteristics. They are the handmade skills of the Yi people. Their craftsmanship is exquisite and unique, fully demonstrating the labor wisdom of the Yi people. [Basic value] 1. Historical value. There are many records of the images of the ancestors of the Yi people in the history books of the Han Dynasty: hair bun, barefoot, covered with felt, etc. The murals of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Huo Chengsi's tomb in Houhaizi, Zhaotong, Yunnan (during the Taiyuan period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, i.e. 386-394 AD) discovered in 1963 depict the image of the Yi people wearing "Zi Ti" (hero bun), wearing felt and barefoot. The images are exactly the same as the Yi Kashi and Wala in Liangshan, Sichuan today, which shows the long history of Yi wool weaving and rolling skills. 2. Cultural value. The Yi Kashi and Wala are one of the most representative Yi costumes. They are different from the costumes of other ethnic groups and have the symbolic function of the ethnic emblem. The exquisitely crafted Kashi and Wala are also exquisite works of art. 3. Practical value. The Yi Kashi and Wala are the most representative ethnic costumes. The well-crafted Kashi and Wala are as light as gauze and as soft as water, reflecting the craftsmanship of the Yi people. The production and life of the Yi people are inseparable from kasha and wala. They are used for warmth and protection during the day, to block the wind and sun, as blankets at night, as cushions for sitting, and as colorful clothes for wearing. The exquisitely crafted kasha and wala can be worn for ten or eight years, or even decades, and have practical value such as wear resistance, cold resistance, and moisture resistance.