Introduction: Hanzhong is located in the southwest of Shaanxi Province, adjacent to Guanzhong, Sichuan, Chongqing, Longnan, and overlooking Hubei. It is across the Qinling Mountains in the north and lies in the Bashan Mountains in the south. The Han River flows 3,000 miles to Hankou. In short, Hanzhong is a transition zone between two mountains and a river, and the transition zone between the north and the south. Therefore, this determines the diversity and complexity of Hanzhong's local culture. “It is both Qin and Shu, it is both Ba and Chu, which is a vivid portrayal of this place. There is an old saying that Hanzhong “has the customs of both the north and the south, and the language is between Qin and Shu”. The Hanzhong dialect (Hanzhong dialect) here refers to the language used by the people in the ten counties and one district of Hanzhong for daily oral communication. The diversity and complexity of Hanzhong’s traditional culture are clearly reflected in the oral language of the people of Hanzhong. Generally speaking, Hanzhong dialect belongs to the Chengdu-Chongqing dialect of Southwestern Mandarin, the Southern Shaanxi dialect of Central Plains Mandarin, and the fusion of Central Plains Mandarin, Southwestern Mandarin, and a small amount of Guanzhong dialect in the northern dialect system. It is a dialect of its own. Overview For the old Hanzhong people who were born and raised in the old Hanzhong city, many people can feel such an obvious puzzlement, that is, why the people in the four gates and four passes of the old Hanzhong city speak with different accents. People living in Nanguan and Dongguan speak with a lot of second tones, with a strong Sichuan accent; while people living in the west and north of the city mostly speak in one tone. There is a family in the middle of the city, and the wife and husband speak in very different accents... After leaving Dongguan, crossing Dongguan Main Street, crossing Dongmen Bridge, and walking eastward, you will suddenly find that the people here speak differently from those in Dongguan and are similar to those in the north of the city. Going further east, you will arrive at Pu Town, and find that people on the quaint old streets all speak "watered-down Sichuan dialect".... Here you can truly see the so-called "different accents every ten miles". The above is just the distribution of phenomena within Hanzhong City. As far as the ten counties and one district of Hanzhong are concerned, in general, most of the words in the daily language of Hanzhong dialect are highly consistent with the daily language of southwestern Mandarin such as Sichuan and Chongqing, and even common words can be found in places as far away as Wuhan. But in terms of pronunciation and intonation, there are obvious differences among different parts of Hanzhong. Hanzhong dialect Generally speaking, it can be divided into the following categories: Southwestern Mandarin group: Hanzhong Dongguan, Nanguan, Puzhen, Nanzheng (except the area to the north of the county seat and along the south bank of the Han River), most areas of Mian County, most areas of Ningqiang, Liuba, Foping, Zhenba, Xixiang, and southern Chenggu. The tone and intonation of this area are consistent with the northern Sichuan dialect, and it is also called "Bashan dialect"; Guanzhong dialect (note that it is not Guanzhong dialect): Yangxian, the pronunciation is close to Guanzhong dialect, but it is influenced by the surrounding language Southwestern Mandarin and appears soft and tactful; in addition, because Chenggu is adjacent to Yangxian, most of the northern part of it is most influenced by Yangxian dialect, and it is a transitional area between other dialects and Yangxian dialect. The area on the south bank of the Han River in the northern part of Nanzheng is adjacent to Mian County and Hanzhong in the north, so it is a mixed area of Southwestern Mandarin and Central Plains Mandarin, and is greatly influenced by Southwestern Mandarin in tone, intonation, and vocabulary. In the speech of people from all over Hanzhong, Yangxian dialect is very similar to the dialect of Yangxian. The speech of the people in Foping is undoubtedly the most special and "alternative". The characteristics are too obvious, and many people don't quite understand it at first. The speech of the Zhenba people is the closest to Chongqing. Foping dialect retains a large number of words from the southwestern Mandarin group of Hubei and Hunan. The above is only a rough division. In reality, the intersection of various dialects is more intensive, and the boundaries are not very obvious. Why does the Hanzhong dialect present the above complexity and diversity? Have you ever said "Huguang fills Sichuan" and "Hubei Macheng Xiaogan Township"? . . . Hanzhong is also "filled in"! Most local Hanzhong people don't know about this history. Maybe they just occasionally hear the words "Hubei Macheng Xiaogan Township" from the elderly, but they are very few. In fact, many scholars in the academic community have already conducted a lot of and rich research on the local history of Hanzhong or southern Shaanxi (the upper reaches of the Han River). Ge Jianxiong (Professor of the Historical Geography Research Center of Fudan University and Director of the Historical Geography Professional Committee of the Chinese Geographical Society) has written a monograph "History of Chinese Immigration", in which there is a special section about the immigration situation in southern Shaanxi. Sun Daren (director of the China Rural Society Research Center, professor and doctoral supervisor of history at Zhejiang University) has conducted a special study on the article "The Migrants from Sichuan, Hubei, Henan and Anhui and the Rise and Fall of the Economy in Southern Shaanxi". Zhang Weijia (professor and doctoral supervisor at Beijing Language and Culture University, director of the Research Department, and distinguished researcher at the Institute of Comparative Linguistics of Shanghai Universities) has also studied the local culture of southern Shaanxi. . . . Among many scholars, Chen Liangxue, a scholar from Ankang, wrote a 500,000-word book "Huguang Migrants and the Development of Southern Shaanxi" which can be said to be a systematic, comprehensive and detailed introduction to the human geography, population and economic development of southern Shaanxi. Of course, there are records in the "Hanzhong Prefecture Records" and the county records of various counties, but no one has read them. From the study of these historical materials, we found that since the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Hanzhong (I won't talk about it before, it's too far away and it's not the basis for the formation of the current Hanzhong dialect), there have been two large immigrants in Hanzhong. The first time was due to the war at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, which resulted in Hanzhong being sparsely populated and very desolate. During the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, the government resettled a large number of "Jingxiang refugees" (do those who have watched "Those Things in the Ming Dynasty" still have an impression?), and these "refugees" mainly came from Hubei and Anhui, and there were also "refugees" from Henan, Shandong and other places. The second large-scale immigration occurred in the Jiaqing and Daoguang years of the Qing Dynasty, a total of nearly 100 years, slightly later than the "Huguang Filling Sichuan" (occurred during the Kangxi and Qianlong years), so the academic community believes that this is also a continuation of the "Huguang Filling Sichuan". This time, due to the war in the Ming Dynasty, the population of Hanzhong dropped sharply, and the population in Hubei, Hunan and other places was dense, so they spontaneously moved their families to the middle and upper reaches of the Han River. This move was first prohibited by the government and then organized by the government. At this time, Sichuan was due to After many years of "filling Sichuan with people from Huguang", the population expanded rapidly, so some people began to migrate to the surrounding areas of Sichuan, south to Guizhou and Yunnan, and north to Shaanxi. So this time the immigrants mainly came from the Jianghan Plain in central Hubei, southeastern Hubei, central and northern Hunan, and a large number of Sichuanese. And after that. Sichuanese (northern Sichuan) continued to migrate to Hanzhong one after another until the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The "Jingxiang refugees" came earlier, and most of them chose to live in areas suitable for farming along the river plains. The "Huguang immigrants" who came later were called "old people". When the "Huguang immigrants" came later, the "old people" were the main ones, and they were guests, and they mostly migrated to the hilly areas. They opened up mountains and reclaimed wasteland to live. Immigrants are not just people, they also bring their local customs, language, living habits, cultural concepts, etc. People from all places They have to live together and communicate with each other. Therefore, it is the successive superposition, collision and fusion of the cultures brought about by these two large migrations that formed the diverse and rich Hanzhong local culture we see today. At the same time, Hanzhong has always been an important transportation route and a distribution center for north-south materials, "protecting Bashu in the south, controlling Guanzhong in the north, reaching Jingxiang in the east, and connecting Qinlong in the west" since ancient times. The flow of people from the east, west, south and north has further increased the diversity of Hanzhong culture. Excerpts from Hanzhong dialect: Lao Han (son), father (back name), mother-in-law, 1. Grandma; 2. Elderly woman, wife, great-grandfather or great-grandmother, also called great grandfather and great grandmother, dad, father's eldest brother, similar to having a second dad. . Yao Ba, aunt, father's eldest sister-in-law, similar to having a second mom. . Yao Ma (荩黃) Refer to aunt. The names of uncles and aunts are not uniform, some are called Yao Ba, Dada, Lao Lao, Man Man . 1. Child; 2. Little boy. 1. Aunt; 2. Non-relative female of the same generation as the mother. 3. Son-in-law calls mother-in-law and uncle to her face. 1. Husband in the sense of meaning; 2. Son-in-law calls father-in-law to his face. 1. Youngest aunt. 1. Youngest son; 2. A nickname for sons, corresponding to the youngest daughter. 2. The husband of the sister who carries the load, they call themselves "Lao Tiao". 1. Cousin. 2. Distant relatives, such as one's own uncle and uncle, one's own uncle and cousin's uncle, etc. 2. Old cousins can also be called mother-in-law and mother-in-law (Northern name). 1. The name for elderly women (only between peers, and the younger generation calling it this way means disrespect). 2. The name for one's own or someone else's lover, meaning wife. 2. A name that is not very respectful to women (personally, I think), often seen in quarrels. Wei Po is also called Wai Po, Wa Po, Wei Ye, Wai Gong Leng Wa 1. Bold but reckless (equivalent to English bold) reckless, ignorant and stubborn, derogatory. 2. "very, extremely, excessively" in the adjective, such as "eat coldly, not afraid of bloating your baby" (obviously from Guanzhong, because Guanzhong has a saying about cold babies (Guanzhong friends, don't be angry)) Lengseng Leng Wa + insulting Gua Wa Zi 1. Fool, generally a name of love, also used as a nickname for people. 2. Same as above, derogatory. Men Ya Zi Same as above, no derogatory. Gua Cou Gua Wa Zi + insulting (words with cou are basically not good) Baoqi Huo Bao, this word is not a local dialect of Hanzhong, it is estimated to come from the two lakes. Bang 0 is also called Bang Ke (kei), which means robber, derogatory. Liu Wa Zi is mostly called for people who steal things, and also means thief. It is taken from the bandit Liu Dao. Stealing brother, same as above, illegitimate child, moon child, baby, turtle child 1. Elders lovingly scold naughty children, such as 0, turtle child. 2. Peers playfully scold and beat, without derogatory meaning. A henpecked man 0 A person wearing a green hat (this is too ugly) Duangong wizard Hongye matchmaker, regardless of gender, back 0 The porter who used to shuttle between Bashan, the third porter, the fourth porter, the pregnant woman, also called the pregnant woman, the new bride, the new daughter-in-law, is more common in Chenggu, Yangxian, and Mianxian. Because the accents of daughter-in-law and new daughter-in-law are not clear, they are called new brides. Head, head, cover (er), the small braid tied on the head of a child, mostly used for the kind of ponytail that stands up. Neck (hang), neck, eai, skull, forehead, chest, chest, back, back, also called the back, back, back, back, face, also called cheek, lower shell, lower jaw, forked bone, lower jaw, ribs, ribs, grooves, 0, ditch, pier 1. Same as above, there is a difference, no explanation. 2. Refers to a fall in which the buttocks land first, such as tripping over a ditch. Hammer, colloquial, refers to the male genitals, also called "qiu" leg pole leg link leg calf, also called dry leg snail ankle joint reverse crutch elbow and knee cover ear melon 1. Ear. 2. Refers to a slap in the face, with the meaning of slap. Eye sockets eyes teeth dirt teeth teeth stupid saliva refers to drooling, with the meaning of drool. slap, slap in the face, ingot, fist, sperm, naked, sperm0 (pronounced as nian), naked, sperm (jue), barefoot, a vagrant, a person who lives a lazy life, two-pin cooler, two-pole, the smallest hall, equivalent to the living room, bedroom, stove, kitchen, courtyard, yard, room, Sanhua, the side of the house, sun dam, under the sun, rain dam, rain inside, your (sun) head, sun dam, river dam, river beach, thatched house, toilet, urinal, feces pit, urinate (gai), toilet, water ladle (she) a large spoon for holding water, spoon (sheshe) a small spoon for drinking soup, scoop, scoop, same as above, ladle, same as above, jar, teacup, bobo, a small basin for holding soup, colander, also called clean sieve, poking dustpan, a shape woven with bamboo strips similar to that of a garbage bin, generally refers to a garbage shovel. Anti-lid pot lid bowl relatively large bowl skewer skewer small wooden stick, similar to the bamboo sticks used to count after eating spicy hot pot, small funnel, iron axe, stick, electric kettle, thermos, electric pole, fluorescent lamp, tea shop, teahouse, foreign horse, the name of the old generation for bicycles, this name is almost extinct. Egg car small van, shaped like an egg shell excavator excavator flail slapping tool, bamboo basket 1. Round bamboo basket. 2. Another name for 0. Back basket Back basket Back clip Back 0 Back tool Beating pestle Back 0 Cane Old wooden coffin recipe Same as above Old clothes and funeral clothes Long table Long table Floor table Square table used by Hanzhong people for daily meals, 60 to 70 cm high (hai) Shoes Slippers Steamed rice noun, that is, rice (rice is steamed) Steamed bun Round steamed bun Gangzi steamed bun Semi-cylindrical steamed bun Oil flower pot stickers (a northern snack), because it is made of noodles stewed, steamed and fried in lard, so it is called this. Pan steamed bun Pancakes and wontons A kind of food roughly similar to wontons Make rice and cook Potatoes and potatoes 1. Sweet potato; 2 Silly people, such as tiaowa, cold tiao, tiaoke (kei), meaning cold baby. Corn 1. Corn. 2. Describes clumsy and somewhat weak people. Meaning rookie. Gray flour, boiled water, tea, boiled eggs for guests, rice wine, glutinous rice balls, threshing millet, harvesting rice, Chenggu Yangxian people say "threshing millet" threshing wheat (mei), harvesting wheat, Chenggu Yangxian people say "threshing wheat" rapeseed is not rapeseed, it is rapeseed rapeseed rapeseed fruit trees fruit catch woodpeckers woodpeckers crows sparrows magpies; crows night owls 1. Owls 2. Refers to people who often stay up late and don't sleep at night. Stove chickens, crickets, cotton, barking, silver carp, or loach? Ge (gei) fleas, lice, slot worms, roundworms, hemp crooks, sparrows, Shiba dogs, weasels, long worms, snakes, urging shit, crawling dung beetles, dogs, male dogs, grass dogs, female dogs, grass, estrus, same as -. Mostly used to refer to animals. It is derogatory when used on people. Kemazi frog cover bazi lai-, also known as "laikema, laikebao, laiqiebao" Laozi cicada, cicada Huo Lazi 1. A kind of insect with long fine hairs all over the body, touching the skin will feel like a needle piercing and burning. Horse lead ant Qushizi earthworm also Ba tail long Ba 1. Wolf; 2, ungrateful people cock town Ba, Foping people say "rooster" chicken mother town Ba, Foping people say "rooster" eaves mouse (sui) bat plate sea crab which step which place which dangdang same up which section where that section where that section where that dang there lying in the same up how how, why which door which door up how to do it? You are like this and you are like that? To those who know the answer to the question, what do you want to be good, ok! By the way, all right, that's right. Ying (pronounced en), is direct, it is indeed Dou, it is an interjection to express regret and surprise. It is very difficult and troublesome, not easy. "It's so hard to call you." Comfortable and enjoyable to speak. New Year's voice, such as "You should call me." Listen to, take care of, help, know (dei), don't know, no, can't, or "have to" know. Panting means disagreement, such as "It's a panting." The ball is da, no one, no one, for the time being, now, high head, above, first, before, cut, in front, tail (pronounced yi), finally, this year, this year, in previous years, last year, people in Yangxian and Mianxian say "four years" in the year. Morning, early in the morning, eight in the morning, early in the morning, dark (lao) 1. dark ; 2. Play mahjong at night, in the evening, when it is just getting dark, in the afternoon, at 3 or 4 o'clock in the afternoon. In hot summer, lunch is usually the meal from 1 to 3 o'clock. Dinner is usually at 6 or 7 o'clock in the evening. Just now, also called "will be" two people play for a while, work for a while, chat, play games, explore, and talk nonsense, mostly refers to talking with relish, talking a lot, it's over, it's over, it's over, it's over, it's over, angry, sad, happy, confused, like, very happy. Gather strength 1. Add effort; 2. It is the popular "awesome", lively and neat, get things done and do them well, put things in order, neat and tidy, and decent. Chenggu people say "qiangfan" etiquette 1. politeness, rules; 2 gifts gifts eating cannon barrel killed the New Year pig to treat people to drink meat and small bargains, such as "eating and rubbing" to split the bill, to share the bill, to eat AA system, to eat a feast, to improve life, to eat meat, to improve life, to hide, not easy to find, not easy to reach the place half middle waist 1. in the middle; 2. also refers to the halfway of the work to stop two not hanging five 1. not doing business, the first generation of untidy, not serious; 2. halfway through the work, the dilemma of the awkward position three five two ha three down five divided two, hurry up five draw six things to draw very messy and dirty upside down a little crazy look not clear mind confused ghost eyebrows (mi) day eyes thief head melon eyebrows (mi) day eyes silly, silly look head stupid, the whole person is frozen, head eyebrows (mi) day eyes thousand annoying difficult to explain. For example: people are in the toilet, you throw a big stone into the pit. . Laugh, you are so annoying! People are in the bridal chamber, and you are hiding under their clothes and playing pranks, how annoying! The elf child is smart and cute. When we say that a boy is good-looking, we usually say that he is decent, good-looking, well-behaved, handsome, and handsome. Boys like to hear this the most! Talents are good. Women have good looks and good figures. They are beautiful and decent. They live comfortably and well-off. They pretend to be pretentious and pretentious. They are straightforward and not dragging their feet. They are simple and easy to use. 1. Things are done very beautifully; 2. They are very generous. They play with style (gei) and appear to be very tasteful and high-end. They are disqualified and have a sense of style. They are very imposing and serious. They are inexplicably and strangely, usually used when they are angry. They look like big shots, derogatory, "the people who wear them are..." On Friday, Zheng Wang dressed very neatly, formally and decently. People who spend money lavishly are rich people, play big cards and act weird. "Ugly people act weirdly" is pretentious and picky. They are very fierce in learning! It's very powerful. This is a person who can't be provoked! Unlucky, unlucky 1. A person is very proud, a "qiaobangzi"; 2. The thing is very-wearing. To sow discord. To flatter and fawn on others. A person who likes to tell tales. To waste the team and cause trouble to others, to disturb others. To take the second-class bus. Someone else drives and takes you along the way. To be ugly, to have a bad appearance. To be ugly, to be numb, to be too bad. To be numb, to be drunk, to be drunk, to be unable to see, to dislike, to hate someone, "I can't stand him". To be funny, to be disliked, to be loved, to be cute. There is no way. There is no way. To directly express the depth of the adverb, "I can't stand you directly". It's just the same as above. It's difficult to thank, to beat, to fight, to talk about scriptures A dispute occurs, and it is pitiful to talk nonsense. To make up lies. To make up lies. To lie for nothing. To lie for nothing. To lie all over. To speak lies. To make up lies. To make lies often. To make mistakes. To make mistakes. To make things look bad ... Eye dragon, crippled, lame, tongue-twisting, slurred, that person, refers to someone you don't know, Sichuan, Sichuan people, Huguangzi, Hubei people, Guangguang, Guangdong people, know the limits, return the favor, used to accept gifts from others, now return them, active, quick-witted, with many ideas and methods, fiery, hot feeling, anxious, flustered, panic-stricken, fussy, shouting and yelling, but there is actually nothing to do, shouting, rich people crying, poor people yelling, groaning, hair burning, hot and anxious, burning eyebrows, heart as if on fire, shocked Feng Yan is the kind of person who screams and shouts over the smallest things. She is furious and dare not be provoked. She gets mad when teased. She is easily angered. 1. Very hard and uncomfortable 2. Very serious. Stingy. Stingy (sei) people are meticulous and thrifty. They do things carefully and delicately. They manage, take care of, and take care of all the work. They "manage the baby" and tidy up the room. They look like they are "looking at your fist, are you so scared?" They disturb, harass, and joke with people. A bit of "ridicule, irony" meaning flirtatious 1. A person is very frivolous, showing off, getting carried away; 2. Being ostentatious and provocative. A flirtatious old woman who talks big and brags. She scolds people and criticizes them. She criticizes them severely. "Repair" people or things. Just go over (qi) and step over. Push in and squeeze in. "J go inside". "J ingot" means hitting someone with a fist. Go through the back door with your hands and do small tricks behind your back. Playing with horse lotus is similar to "letting someone go". There is no way to deal with it. No matter what, sooner or later, there will be a day. People have no ability and do boring things. It is hard to explain. For example: It's late at night and people are going to sleep, but you are still chatting there; people politely invite you to play, and you really go right away. . . . Unnamed. Boring. Unbearable. Dirty. Smelly. No rinse. A little disgusting, a feeling of fear in the heart. For example, seeing a large nest of stink bugs gives people the feeling of seeing a snake crawling over. Baby books, comic books, and comic books. Be careful when playing and joking. Be careless and careless. You will suffer if you invite someone to do something. You can't bear it, you can't bear it, you can't handle it. You are slow and procrastinating. You deserve to be beaten. You can't concentrate. You don't listen to what I say. "All my words are wind in your ears." Hold up the vegetables to pick up the vegetables, or "pick up the vegetables", and greet guests. "Pick the vegetables". I'm going to make a rough estimate. I can't bend it, I can't move it, I've lost it, I've tripped, fell, and crawled forward, fell on my face, tripped backward, fell on my face, I can't make up my mind, I can't handle it. It doesn't matter, it doesn't affect it. It's full and overflowing. The immortal is difficult to serve, and makes people laugh bitterly, but there is nothing they can do about it. The immortal card is their little ancestor. Five, Hanzhong Yanzi In Hanzhong dialect, "Yanzi" refers to a two-part allegorical saying, slang, and jingle. Words are generally the experience and wisdom summarized by ordinary people in their daily life. Using these proverbs is "zan words". Eat enough, wear enough, and never plan for your whole life. The poor respect the superiors. People who don't ask for help are generally superior. Visitors who burn incense can't touch the temple door. Losing money is just to win money. It's never too late to wish a happy new year and Dragon Boat Festival. The grass is long and the grass is short, bring an umbrella to the sun, bring dry food. People are afraid of hurting their faces, and trees are afraid of hurting their skins. People's hearts must be solid, and the fire must be empty. Hit people, don't hit their faces, and don't expose their shortcomings. The gold in your hands is not as good as the copper in your hands. The emperor loves his eldest son, and the people are in pain. There is still a sutra for the children to live, and the Taoist master has a Zen medicine that does not cure fake diseases, and wine does not relieve real sorrows. Good flowers bloom on a tree, rotten Firewood falls in a bay. People talk to people, and ghosts talk to ghosts. Diligent people lose their hair, and lazy people grow nails. A bag of grass on the beam, the wind blows in both directions. A starving cook weighs 800 pounds, and a skinny camel is bigger than a horse. Three words are stable, and three sticks are tightly wrapped. The master leads you into the door. Practice is in the individual. The meal is swollen and the dragon bun is drunk. Sometimes a smart person should think of the time of no return, and don't take the time of no return as sometimes being careful. The iron of the ship is cold and can't be hit, and the words are cold and can't be said. Don't be busy early in the morning, panic at night, light a lamp to mend the crotch of the pants in the middle of the night. Shoot a sparrow outside, and a hen is lost in the house. People who are shameless can do anything, but dogs who are shameless will sit and bite people. People who harm others cannot harm others, but heaven harms people and grass does not grow. Go out by the road, not by people. Go out to see the weather, and enter the door to see the face. I have a threshold, and he has a foot. Listen to people's advice, and you have to get half. Hold people's bowls. It's good to be controlled at home for a thousand days, but it's hard to go out for a while. Today's treats are intentional, and today's beats are angry. A full bottle does not make a sound, but a half-full bottle makes a bang. Dog meat is not served. Eat five grains and want six grains, but eat a five-spice mouth and run with a bow leg. Stand on one side and poison (single) hand belly button spanking demon ( Waist) Angry dog sitting in a sedan chair, not knowing how to lift up the City God God is happy and has ulterior motives. A pair of melon hammers in the City God Temple. A pair of carpenters wearing shackles, they deserve it. A dwarf farts and is humble. A loofah is used as a shoulder pole, not knowing whether it is soft or hard. A stage is set up to sell tofu. A big bald man - yawns and has a loud breath, urging people to poop. He wears glasses and pretends to be the Dragon God of the Earth. (The Dragon God of the Earth: the god who manages Feng Shui and dragon veins) A donkey eats gray flour and has a white mouth (or: speaks in vernacular Chinese). A cow eats ice chips and is a cold animal. (No pictures yet, please provide them.) (No pictures yet, please provide them.)