The Goubian Nuo Dance (commonly known as the Ten Evil Dance) spread in Putian originated from the totem belief in the ancient clan society. It is the gene of primitive cultural belief and is the folk dance part of the Nuo ceremony. This ancient Nuo dance flower is mainly reflected in the Nuo performance ceremony. The dancers wear hideous masks or strange face paintings, hold weapons, gallop and jump, dance fiercely and cunningly, and the atmosphere is mysterious and majestic. With the help of the power of gods, demons and evils are subdued, and natural disasters such as drought, flood, fire, insects, and plague diseases are driven away. It has been inherited and improved by folk artists from generation to generation, forming a complete set of dance performance forms. It has been passed down as a ritual to drive away evil spirits, bring good fortune, protect the country and the people, and has continued to this day, becoming a unique folk dance art in our city. In November 2010, "Doubian Nuo Dance" was announced by the Putian Municipal People's Government as the third batch of Putian City's intangible cultural heritage list. Goubian Nuo dance, tracing its historical origins, from the perspective of performance form and dance skills, should be a product handed down from the "Hundred Plays" actor miscellaneous plays and song and dance miscellaneous music in the Tang Dynasty. Goubian Nuo dance has the characteristics of rich and colorful miscellaneous drama and dance performances. Its creation and formation time should be closely related to the "Gucheng Palace" Yang Gong Taishi's tour of the temple fair. It first appeared in the Song Dynasty and has a history of thousands of years. Huangshi Gucheng Palace Yang Gong Taishi's tour of the suburbs is based on evidence and can be traced back to the Song Dynasty. "Gucheng Palace" was called "Gucheng Ancient Temple" in ancient times (the seal is still there). It was built in the Meiyin Rock of the Three Hidden Rocks (Songyin Rock, Meiyin Rock, and Zhuyin Rock) in Qingshan (also known as Gucheng Mountain) in Huangshi during the Northern Song Dynasty. Gucheng Palace Yang Gong Taishi's tour is generally held in March every spring. (In some years, it is also pushed to early April). The specific tour date is determined by praying to Yang Taishi for an auspicious day, so there is a famous saying that "Sanyin prays for spring tour" that has been passed down by the people of Twenty-four Shops since ancient times. That is to say, the tour date of Yang Gong Taishi every year is determined by praying to Yang Gong Taishi's mansion at "Gucheng Palace" where Sanyinyan is located. It can be seen that the tour of Yang Gong Taishi in Gucheng Palace has existed as early as the Song Dynasty, but there is no evidence to prove the specific year it started. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Japanese pirates entered Putian and the original "Gucheng Palace" ancient temple was destroyed. During the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, it was moved to the new site of "Gucheng Palace" in Heling. After the reconstruction of "Gucheng Palace", Yang Gong Taishi's tour was held again according to the rules, and it has continued to this day. The Nuo dance (Ten Evil Dance) by the ditch has also been performed to this day and has been prosperous. The reason why Yang Gong Taishi of "Gucheng Palace" went on a tour of the temple fair was that the government was in chaos, plague was prevalent, local governments were incompetent, science was backward, doctors and medicine were scarce, people lived a hard life, could not afford medical treatment, the plague was severe and widespread, and countless people died, so people had to place their hopes on the power of the gods. The people of "Twenty-four Shops" sincerely asked Yang Gong Taishi, the Five Plague Gods of "Gucheng Palace" (he was the great monk who was gifted by heaven to suppress plague), to go on a tour to drive away the plague, drive away demons and evil spirits, and protect the people's safety. The various necessary deacon items required for the tour were claimed by the people of each shop, and once claimed, they became fixed and hereditary. And Goubian claimed the "Nuo Dance (commonly known as the Ten Punishments and Ten Evils)", which means that the person pretending to be a god holds a torture instrument to arrest and expel evil spirits. The so-called "Ten Evils" are the ten unforgivable major crimes stipulated by the Chinese feudal dynasties to maintain their rule: treason, treason, rebellion, disobedience, disrespect, unfilial piety, disharmony, injustice, and civil strife. Since the Sui Dynasty, the ten evil crimes have been formally stipulated in the code. Those who commit one of these crimes are evil people, and they will become evil ghosts after death. Anyone who commits the ten evils must be severely punished. The content, form, costumes, props and performance characteristics of the Goubian Nuo dance are based on the twelve guardian gods of the "Six Dings and Six Jias" in Taoist legends, whose divine power has the law of "walking wind and thunder, and controlling ghosts and gods". This is an important item required for the will of Yang Gong Taishi of "Gucheng Palace" to tour the temple fair. It strengthens the power of expelling plague and evil spirits, and fully explains that the formation of the Nuo dance (Ten Punishments and Ten Evils) is synchronized with the Gucheng Palace tour, and has a long history. The Goubian Nuo dance is the dance part of the Nuo ceremony. The dance adopts the form of people acting as gods, combining people and gods, and deifying people. It imagines the form of ghosts and gods, adopts a magnificent form, and depicts vividly, forming corresponding special movements of exorcising ghosts and arresting gods. In general, it has both soft and delicate postures and sonorous masculinity. Its movements are quite classical and the overall atmosphere is solemn and dignified, reflecting a high degree of divine power, which produces both moving artistic appeal and awe-inspiring admiration. The performers in the dance team are all the "Six Dings and Six Jias" in Taoist legends. They hold torture instruments and are the messengers who expel and arrest evil ghosts. 1. Performance content: The performance content of Nuo dance (Ten Evil Dance) is based on legendary myths and stories. The characters are mainly "Six Dings and Six Jias" (the twelve guardian gods in Taoist legends), which are evolved from the Taoist stories of "walking wind and thunder, controlling ghosts and gods". The costumes, props, and images of the characters are imitated from the murals in ancient palaces and temples. In ancient times, people wore masks and their facial makeup was outlined with dramatic oil paint, which was extremely majestic. The characters are lifelike and vivid, and they are vivid and vivid on the face makeup. The whole dance is divided into five teams. The first team: the characters in the underworld, Bai Wuchang (commonly known as the eldest brother), 2.85m tall, (carrying bamboo strips into a frame and wearing clothes), wearing white clothes and red pants, straw sandals, and a tall hat, the hat 1 "one sight brings wealth". He holds a fan in his left hand and a pipe in his right hand, with splayed eyebrows, sticking out his tongue, and surrounded by smoke. It is said that he is the head of the underworld ghosts, managing the ghosts of the underworld. Hei Wuchang: (commonly known as the short brother), carrying bamboo strips into a frame. He wears black clothes and red pants, straw sandals, and holds the "main hall token" in his hand to perform the task of patrolling evil ghosts. An Nai: (Bai Wuchang's wife), wearing embroidered red clothes (Hua Dan costumes) and red pants, a red skirt, and embroidered shoes. He holds a fan in one hand and a handkerchief in the other. She has no actual duties, but only adds to the story content, plays a funny role, and adds a strong rural flavor to life. According to the legend of the old predecessors, after the trip every year, Bai Wuchang (Big Brother) and An Nai held a grand wedding ceremony in Tuoba Dacheng. On that day, there was an incense table on the Dacheng, which was full of offerings, with beds, quilts, and a bridal chamber. At the beginning of the wedding ceremony, the "three passes" must be passed, and the bride and groom must eat "three" dishes: a bowl of noodles; a bowl of longan dry soup; a glass of wine. Then Hei Wuchang shouted "praise sentences" and sent the bride and groom into the bridal chamber, and then distributed red envelopes (40 red envelopes must be prepared) to the audience. The crowd watching was packed with people, which could be described as "a sea of people". It is said that it was Hei Wuchang (Short Brother) who acted as a matchmaker and threaded the needle that made Bai Wuchang and An Nai get married. After the wedding ceremony, the gongs and drums were loud, the firecrackers were blasted, the atmosphere was high, and the scene was prosperous, which indicated a good omen of good weather, peace and prosperity in the country, and people living and working in peace and contentment in the year. People lived in harmony, the couples loved each other, welcomed blessings and auspiciousness, entertained the gods and people, indulged in joy, vented emotions, and expressed the masses' longing for a better life in the future. The second team: "Unfilial Son" is a common and resentful figure among the "Ten Evils". The performance is vivid. It is very contagious and serves as a warning to the world. He has messy hair, a black face, and is wearing prison clothes. He carries a white cloth strip of "Unfilial Son" on his back, and is dejected and swaying. There is a Liujia (messenger) in front holding an iron chain to pull him away, and there is a "Liu Ding" (messenger) behind him pushing his waist forward with an iron fork, which vividly shows the tragic end of the "Unfilial Son". The third team: 16 messengers of the "Six Dings and Six Jias", all with white faces, bare chests, crooked mouths, long eyebrows, red bellybands around waists, red pants, straw sandals on their feet, bells on their feet, a colorful hat made of circles, red and white paper slips, a silver chain around their necks, an iron fan in their left hands, and a token in their right hands that reads "Catch the evil if you see it", to carry out patrol tasks. All performers along the way are silent. The fourth team: A team of (2040) people composed of the "Six Dings and Six Jias" expelling the five ghosts (east, west, south, north, and center). They wear masks, red clothes and red pants, and broken tiger whiskers. They wear straw sandals on their feet and have their hands and feet wrapped. The leader plays the role of an executioner, holding a big knife in one hand and a human head in the other. Other characters hold forks or halberds (two-pronged or three-pronged forks). All are silent. All members of this team wear masks and are very majestic. The fifth team: Bai Wuchang (original human form 35 people) with green face. Wearing a white tall hat, 1 "one see brings wealth". White clothes, red pants, red mouth, red tongue, thick eyebrows. They are all ghost heads of the underworld, in charge of the ghosts of the underworld. It has been said since ancient times that the performers are pious, and the pious performers can be blessed by the gods and avoid disasters. The family is safe and the year is smooth. After the performers have finished their makeup, they must burn incense and kneel down to Master Yang Gong to get the recognition of the gods and become gods. After that, the performers cannot talk to each other and keep silent. After the parade is completed, they also burn incense and kneel down to the gods after removing their makeup, which means reporting that the task is completed. The gods are allowed to leave, and the paper copies on their heads and straw sandals on their feet are cremated on the spot to show that the gods have ascended to heaven. The performers can go home. The performance form of the ditchside Nuo dance: The overall dance team is divided into five small teams, each with its own different god costumes and props, and each team has its own dance style and movements. The first and second teams performed freely, and their movements were dramatic. The third, fourth, and fifth teams were all directed by a set of gongs and drums. The dance postures and movements of each team remained neat and coordinated. As the team moved forward, they danced while walking, stopped and danced from time to time, and worked and rested, which made good men and women proud and made evildoers tremble with fear. The performance instruments of the Goubian Nuo dance include drums, gongs, cymbals, etc. It is divided into five small teams, which are integrated and spectacular. It expresses people's beautiful vision of exorcising demons and exorcising evil, eliminating evil and promoting good, and hoping for a peaceful and prosperous world. The Goubian Nuo dance adopts the form of people acting as gods and the combination of people and gods. Its movements are quite classical, the overall atmosphere is solemn and dignified, and it expresses divine power. It has a certain artistic appeal and occupies a unique position in the art form of Putian folk dance. It is a relic of the "living fossil of Southern Opera from the Song and Yuan Dynasties". Its performance styles include the "Wen Nuo" school, which has complex scenes, meticulous and rigorous acting, a strong sense of life, and graceful dance postures, and the "Wu Nuo" school, which is majestic, unrestrained and cheerful, with a vigorous and bright rhythm and strong and powerful movements. It has certain academic and practical value in enriching and improving the history of provincial and municipal folk dances.