The Temple of the Sun is one of the five famous cultural relics and historical sites in Beijing. It was built in 1530 during the Ming Dynasty and was the place where the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties worshipped the sun god. The temple faces west and is surrounded by a circular wall. There are Lingxing Gates on all four sides. There are incense burners and burial pools outside the west gate; there are god storehouses, god kitchens, animal slaughter pavilions, bell towers, and clothing halls outside the north gate. In the 1950s, the Temple of the Sun was turned into a park. Under the personal care of Premier Zhou Enlai, in the early 1970s, mountain cherry trees symbolizing the friendship between China and Japan were planted. A number of scenic spots and scenic areas with unique styles, such as the large-scale "Sun Festival Mural", "Quchi Shengchun", and "Southwest Landscape Scenic Area" built around the 1980s. A group of antique buildings, restaurants, and galleries that are coordinated with classical gardens have been built, which are simple and elegant. In the northwest corner of the park, there is the tomb and memorial room of the revolutionary pioneer Ma Jun. In 2001, it was listed as a patriotic education base in Beijing. After 50 years of renovation and construction, Ritan Park has become a classical landscape garden with national characteristics, covering an area of 20.62 hectares nationwide. It was rated as one of the first batch of high-quality parks in 2002 and was rated as a national cultural relic protection unit in May 2006.
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Philosophy related to the heritage
From the perspective of Eastern philosophy, the natural landscape of Ritan Park in Chaoyang District, Beijing can have a deep dialogue with the thoughts of Taoism and Confucianism. Taoism emphasizes "rule by inaction" and advocates conformity to nature. The green trees, flowing water and stone paths in the park seem to silently tell the wisdom and harmony of nature. Every landscape here is not overly carved by artificial power, but reflects the concept of "harmony between man and nature" through natural growth and change. Confucianism pays more attention to the relationship between man and nature, emphasizing man's responsibility and cultivation in nature. The environment of Ritan Park can also reflect the harmonious thinking of Confucianism. When people in the park walk, meditate and communicate, they express the harmonious interaction between man and nature and between people. This interaction is not only a direct contact with the natural landscape, but also a reflection of respect and love for the natural environment through cultural habits and daily behaviors. Western philosophy, especially the humanistic perspective in ecological philosophy, emphasizes human subjective initiative and ability to transform nature. In Ritan Park, the combination of modern urban landscape and natural environment reflects human shaping and re-creation of nature. The artificial lakes, manicured green spaces and natural landscapes here are intertwined, reflecting the complexity of the relationship between man and nature in Western philosophy, which involves both the transformation of nature and the pursuit of its aesthetic value.