Erbil Citadel
World Heritage
Iraq
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Erbil Citadel is a fortification located on top of an imposing ovoid mound (a hill formed by generations of people living and rebuilding on the same site) in the Kurdistan region of Erbil Governorate. A continuous high 19th-century wall still gives the visual impression of an impregnable fortress overlooking the city of Erbil. The citadel features a peculiar fan-shaped pattern that dates back to the late Ottoman period in Erbil. Written and pictorial historical records attest to the antiquity of the site's settlement - Erbil corresponds to ancient Arbela, an important Assyrian political and religious centre - while archaeological discoveries and investigations have shown that the mound conceals layers and remains of previous settlements.
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