Intangible culture with Related Tags
Go
Go originated in China. The "chess" in "qin, chess, calligraphy and painting" refers to Go. Zhang Hua of the Jin Dynasty said in "Bowuzhi": "Yao invented Go to teach his son Danzhu and to relax his emotions." That is to say, Go was invented by Yao to educate his son. The game of Go is also mentioned in "The Analects of Confucius", calling it "game", and there is a record of the Go master Yi Qiu in "Mencius". As a traditional intellectual competitive game, Go has a history of more than 4,000 years. The Go board is composed of 19 parallel lines that are equidistant and perpendicular to each other, forming 361 intersections, referred to as "points". There are also 9 small dots on the board, called "stars", and the star in the center is also called "Tianyuan". The chess pieces are divided into black and white, and are oblate in shape. The number of chess pieces in the official competition is 180 black and white. The two sides of the game each hold a chess piece of one color. The game starts with an empty board, black first and white second, and they alternately place a piece on the dot of the chessboard. After a chess piece is placed, it will not move to other points. It is the right of both parties to take turns to place a piece, but either party is allowed to give up the right to place a piece and use a virtual move. When a chess piece is on the chessboard, the empty point that is directly adjacent to it is the "qi" of this chess piece. If there are chess pieces of the same color on the points that are directly adjacent to it, these chess pieces are connected to each other into an inseparable whole. If there are chess pieces of different colors on the points that are directly adjacent to each other, the qi here does not exist. If a chess piece loses all its qi, it cannot exist on the chessboard. The structure of Go is simple, but the content is extremely complex. The theory of Go is profound, the cultural connotation is deep, and it is full of dialectical thinking. Go starts with an empty board, and the game progresses from simple to complex, from shallow to deep, and changes in a myriad of ways. After the game ends, the board is empty again, waiting for the next player. This survival function from nothing to something, from empty to solid, over and over again, and with endless changes, has deduced countless strategic and tactical combinations and won the reputation of "no identical game for thousands of years". Go is not only an interesting competitive sport, but also a high-level thinking activity. Its broad and profound connotations have formed a unique cultural form. Go culture is based on skills and methodology. It has a rich and profound foundation in many aspects such as game, psychology, player ethics, literary expression, politics, and economy, reflecting the breadth and depth of Eastern culture. In the mid-1980s, with the strong support of the state, the research of Chinese Go culture reached a climax. At present, facing the impact of modern economy and foreign culture, the research environment of traditional Go culture originating from the folk has deteriorated rapidly, and the state urgently needs to take effective measures to save and protect it.
Jingxi Taiping Drum
Taiping drum is a folk dance for the common people to entertain themselves, inherit collectively, and develop collectively. It has a broad mass base and deep historical roots, and plays an important role in local folk activities. Taiping drum has been circulated in Beijing since the Ming Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, Taiping drum was extremely popular inside and outside the capital. In the late Qing Dynasty, Taiping drum was introduced to Mentougou area. Historically, almost every household in many villages in Mentougou, men, women, old and young, would play Taiping drum. In the Qing Dynasty, Taiping drum was also played on the New Year's Eve of the lunar calendar in the court, which means "peace". Therefore, Beijing also calls Taiping drum "welcoming year drum". Taiping drum is most active in the twelfth month and the first month of each year. It is very attractive in local folk activities. People playing Taiping drum is their expectation for a peaceful and prosperous country and a peaceful people. Playing Taiping drum can not only set off the festive atmosphere, but also reflect the festival customs in Beijing to some extent. Taiping drum has a complete set of folk body language, such as the rhythmic characteristics of "twisting force" and "trembling force" formed by women's foot binding in the past, the unique "force" and "Gen force" of male dancers, and the interest of chasing each other and men chasing women. The traditional Chinese aesthetic concept is reflected in the drum playing, steps, and formation changes, which all have distinct local colors. As the iconic dance prop of this dance variety, Taiping drum, from the production process to the organic combination with dance movements, has transcended the simple function of being a musical instrument and sound carrier, and has become an instrument with a strong regional cultural symbol in this area, and a symbol of cultural identity of the local people. Taiping drum is rooted in the folk, grows in the folk, and flourishes in the folk. The love of the people for Taiping drum and the persistence of the old artists for Taiping drum have enabled Taiping drum to continue, and the development and innovation of folk Taiping drum will make the lives of folk artists full of vitality.
Guqin Art
In November 2003, it was selected into the second batch of the Representative List of the Intangible Heritage of Humanity. In 2008, it was automatically included in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. In the long history of China, the guqin has always occupied an important position, and together with Chinese calligraphy, painting, poetry and literature, it has become the carrier of Chinese traditional culture. The guqin is the most representative of China's solo instruments. People often play the guqin not only for music, but also for self-entertainment, meditation, personal cultivation and emotional communication between close friends. From early literary works and archaeological discoveries, we can know that the guqin has a history of more than 3,000 years in China. Its performance is a symbol of elegance and status, so it has become an elite art of aristocrats and literati, rather than a performing art for the masses. In fact, the guqin has an inseparable origin with the history of Chinese literati, because it is one of the qualities and cultivations required by Chinese literati, "qin, chess, calligraphy, and painting", and it ranks first. The art of guqin has absorbed a large number of elegant and beautiful tunes, with complex and exquisite playing techniques and unique musical notation. A large number of musical scores have been handed down orally. The guqin has seven strings and thirteen frets. Through ten different ways of plucking the strings, the performer can play four octaves. There are three basic techniques for playing the guqin: san, an, and pan. "San" is the sound of the open string, which is strong and thick, and is often used for the backbone of the tune; "pan" is to lightly touch the frets with the left hand to produce light and floating music (overtones), and is often used to play colorful tunes; "an" is to press the string with the left hand to produce sound, and moving the pressing finger can change the effective string length to achieve the purpose of changing the pitch. The same pitch can be played on different strings and different frets using different methods such as san, an, pan, etc., and the timbre is rich in changes.
Heritage with Related Tags
Western Tien-Shan
This transnational heritage site is located in the Tien Shan mountain range, one of the largest in the world. The Western Tien Shan ranges from 700 to 4,503 metres above sea level. It has a diverse landscape with extremely rich biodiversity. It is globally important as a centre of origin for many cultivated fruit crops and has a variety of forest types and unique plant communities.
Miguasha National Park
The paleontological site of Miguacha National Park, located on the south shore of the Gaspé Peninsula in southeastern Quebec, is considered the world's most outstanding representative of the Devonian period, known as the "Age of Fishes". The Upper Devonian Eskouminak Formation represented here dates back 370 million years and contains five of the six fossil fish communities associated with this period. Its importance stems from the discovery there of the largest number and best-preserved fossil specimens of sarcopterygians, the origin of the first four-legged, air-breathing terrestrial vertebrates - tetrapods.