Intangible culture with Related Tags
Nei Liansheng thousand-layer cloth shoes production technology
Nei Liansheng Boots and Shoes Shop was founded in the third year of Emperor Xianfeng's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1853). At first, it was specialized in making court boots with thousand-layer soles for the royal family and officials at all levels. The earliest store was located in Mixiang, Dongjiang, Beijing (now Taijichang), and its founder was Zhao Ting. The "Nei" in the name of the store refers to the imperial palace, and "Liansheng" means that officials who wear the court boots made in the store can be promoted three levels in a row. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Nei Liansheng applied the skills of making official boots to the production of thousand-layer sole cloth shoes. The quality of the finished products is excellent and well-known, and it became famous in Beijing. Nei Liansheng's thousand-layer sole cloth shoes have always used traditional handmade methods, with strict craftsmanship, unique technology, exquisite material selection, and fine workmanship. Its craftsmanship characteristics can be summarized as "one high and four more". "One high" means high craftsmanship requirements, and "four more" means many production processes, many sole patterns, many shoe sewing methods, and many varieties of cloth shoes. It often takes four or five days to make a pair of thousand-layer cloth shoes, and it can only be completed after more than ninety processes. Each process has strict requirements, and it pays attention to accurate size, skilled techniques, appropriate strength, and meticulousness. Among them, there are three different techniques for shoemaking alone: positive sewing, reverse sewing, and open sewing. There are nearly forty kinds of tools used in the entire shoemaking process. In addition to the continuous improvement of production technology, Nei Liansheng also has high quality requirements for raw materials, auxiliary materials, and accessories. Nei Liansheng has created more than 1,500 varieties and styles of cloth shoes according to different seasons, ages, genders, customs, etc., and has comprehensively and effectively excavated and sorted out the traditional folk shoe culture in northern China. Its thousand-layer cloth shoes mainly include four series of products: men's shoes, women's shoes, children's shoes, and slippers. They have the advantages of nourishing feet and comfort, and are deeply welcomed by consumers. The craft of making Nei Liansheng thousand-layer cloth shoes is passed down in the traditional mode of master-apprentice relationship. However, since this skill is complicated and profound, it is difficult to learn and takes a long time to learn. It takes more than three years for an apprentice to become a master. Therefore, fewer and fewer people are learning this skill, and the inheritance is facing a great crisis, which needs to be taken seriously by relevant parties.
Duyichu Shaomai Making Technique
The old Beijing Duyichu was founded in the third year of Emperor Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1738). It was originally a small hotel "Wangji Liquor Store" opened by Wang Ruifu from Shanxi. In the seventeenth year of Emperor Qianlong's reign (1752), it was renamed "Duyichu", mainly selling siu mai. In the course of hundreds of years of development, Duyichu has formed a complete set of exquisite siu mai making techniques, among which the siu mai rolling technique is unique, and each siu mai rolled out has 24 folds. Duyichu has so many varieties of siu mai, which is the only one in the country. The old store was originally famous for siu mai with pork filling, beef filling, vegetarian filling and three fresh fillings (pork, sea cucumber, shrimp). Later, according to the changes in the seasons, it added siu mai with seafood fillings such as fish, crab meat, shrimp meat, and pork-based siu mai, which are matched with cabbage, leek, fennel, pumpkin, green onion, zucchini, etc. Since the 1980s, Duyichu has successively developed nourishing shaomai such as hawthorn shaomai, poinsettia shaomai, and wolfberry shaomai. It has also innovated its craftsmanship to make special shaomai such as double-color shaomai, colorful shaomai, jade shaomai, and mint shaomai. At the same time, it has actively enriched the flavors of shaomai and launched more than 30 kinds of shaomai in more than a dozen series, including sour, sweet, salty, fresh, fragrant, and spicy. Duyichu shaomai is unique, delicious and highly ornamental. The wheat ears on the top of the shaomai have 24 folds, like a thin waist and a folded skirt, with a thin skin and transparent fillings, and it is white and transparent, standing tall and graceful. It is fragrant and not greasy when eaten, and it has endless aftertaste. The shaomai made by Duyichu has won the first place in the National Cooking Competition, the "Golden Tripod Award" and the "Famous Chinese Snack" and other honors. The old Duyichu store has also won the title of "Famous Chinese Food Store". At present, problems such as shortage of funds, limited development space, and difficulty in talent training are affecting the development of Duyichu and the smooth inheritance of its shaomai making skills. Relevant parties should pay attention to this and formulate reasonable solutions.
Chinese traditional tea making techniques and related customs
Chinese traditional tea making techniques and related customs are the knowledge, skills and practices related to tea garden management, tea picking, tea hand-making, and tea drinking and sharing. According to local customs, tea makers use tools such as woks, bamboo plates, and baking cages, and apply core skills such as killing green tea, steaming yellow, piling, withering, making green tea, fermentation, and scenting to develop six major tea categories of green tea, yellow tea, black tea, white tea, oolong tea, and black tea, as well as processed tea such as scented tea. There are more than 2,000 kinds of tea products, which meet the various needs of the people with different colors, fragrances, flavors, and shapes. Drinking and tasting tea runs through the daily life of Chinese people. People drink and share tea in homes, workplaces, teahouses, restaurants, temples, and other places by brewing or boiling. Drinking tea is an important communication medium in activities such as making friends, weddings, worshipping teachers, and sacrifices. Tea is used to entertain guests, to make friends, to make friends, and to make friends with tea, which is shared by many ethnic groups and provides a sense of identity and continuity for related communities, groups, and individuals. This heritage project has been passed down from generation to generation, forming a systematic and complete knowledge system, extensive and in-depth social practice, mature and developed traditional skills, and a rich variety of handicrafts. It embodies the values of humility, harmony, courtesy, and respect upheld by the Chinese people, and has had a profound impact on moral cultivation and personality formation. It has promoted exchanges and mutual learning among world civilizations through the Silk Road, and played an important role in the sustainable development of human society.