Xiaoxian folk painting and calligraphy art is different from Huxian County in Shaanxi and Jinshan Farmers' Painting in Shanghai. It is famous for its Chinese ink painting. Xiaoxian is located in the northernmost part of Anhui Province, only 23 kilometers northeast of Xuzhou. In the Spring and Autumn Period, it was called Xiao State and was a vassal of Song. It was established as a county in the Qin Dynasty and historically belonged to Jiangsu Province. It was transferred to Anhui in 1955. Xiao County, which was praised by traditional Chinese painting master Li Kuchan as the "Hometown of Chinese Painting", has unearthed painted pottery of Liangzhu culture and stone reliefs of Han Dynasty. Liu Yu, the founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, was a native of Xiao County and was famous for his calligraphy and painting. The calligraphy and painting tradition continued into the Ming Dynasty, when local calligraphers and painters emerged in the countryside. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the "Longcheng School of Painting" of folk Chinese ink and wash painting was formed and was famous in Xuzhou and Huaihai. From the 1930s to the 1960s, many art masters such as Wang Ziyun, Liu Kaiqu, Zhu Dequn, Wang Zhaomin and Xiao Longshi emerged from the rural areas of Xiao County. After the founding of New China, more than 50 calligraphers and painters such as Wu Ran, Guo Gongda and Zhuoran left Xiao County and wrote all over the country. Since the reform and opening up, freehand ink painting and calligraphy activities have flourished among the people, especially farmers in Xiao County. By the early 1990s, the number of calligraphers and painters reached 10,000, and nearly 3,000 people were good at writing. More than 60 collections of calligraphy and painting were published, and more than 670 exhibitions were held, including more than 70 provincial and national exhibitions. The "Exquisite Calligraphy and Painting Exhibitions" in Nanjing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, and Beijing, the "Xiao County Farmers' Painting Exhibition" in Hefei, and the four "Xiao County Calligraphy and Painting Art Festivals" were successfully held, which received strong response and expanded the popularity of Xiao County. In 1993, it was named "Hometown of Chinese Calligraphy and Painting Art" by the Ministry of Culture. Xiao County's folk calligraphy and painting activities have produced both talents and works, promoting the construction of spiritual civilization and economic development in the county.