The Yi people have a long history of winemaking, and Ganluo County is the representative area of Yi Gan Gan winemaking. Nowadays, the impact of powerful modern wine products has caused Gan Gan winemaking to gradually decline, and its survival space is getting smaller and smaller. Gan Gan winemaking is on the verge of extinction. [Era of Origin] Archaeological discoveries show that as early as the Longshan Culture and Hemudu Culture periods, there were wine brewing and drinking utensils. Relevant written records show that the drinking trend was already popular in the Shang Dynasty. The Yi people also have a long history of winemaking. According to legend, in ancient times, three brothers from the Han, Tibetan and Yi ethnic groups lived in the same place and were as close as brothers. One year, the third brother of the Yi ethnic group had a bumper harvest of grain, and he ground flour into rice and invited his two brothers to eat it. Because he made too much, he could not finish it. The next day, it turned into water slurry, exuding a strange aroma of wine. The three brothers sat around the fire and drank slowly, one bowl after another, and winemaking began. "Records of the Grand Historian: Biographies of the Southwestern Barbarians" records that "In the sixth year of Jianyuan (135 BC), Tang Meng, a Han envoy, went to Nanyue and drank the Southwestern Barbarians' fine wine Goujiang at the banquet. "Book of the Later Han: Biographies of the Southwestern Barbarians" records that in the 19th year of Jianwu, General Liu Shang of Wuwei attacked the Yi people of Yizhou and passed by Yuexi. The Yi leader Ren Gui greeted the leaders and brewed wine to welcome them. Among the unearthed cultural relics in Jinning, Yunnan, there are already bronze statues of ancient Dian people drinking and dancing. The Liangshan Yi people's poem "The Origin of Wine" records: "Ayoa first invented the wool-beating and felt-rolling, Lai Zimin Aji invented the battle, and Heluo Se Zha invented the wine-making." It can be seen that the Yi people invented the wine-making technique at least before the Han Dynasty. [Distribution Area] Ganluo County is located in the northern part of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in southern Sichuan Province. The territory is deeply cut by mountains and surrounded by rivers. It covers an area of 2,155.94 square kilometers. The highest altitude in the territory is 4,288 meters and the lowest altitude is 570 meters. Since ancient times, It is the northern gate of Liangshan. Haitang Town in the county was an important post station on the ancient Southern Silk Road. It is surrounded by Hanyuan County, Shimian County, Jinkouhe District, Yuexi County, and Meigu County, and is home to 14 ethnic groups including Yi, Han, and Tibetan. Gan Gan wine, called "Erga" by Yi people, is also called "Erwuzhi". The term "Gan Gan wine" is named because it is smoked with a small bamboo pole. It is mainly circulated among the Yi people in the Ganluo Yi area and its surrounding counties such as Shimian, Hanyuan, Meigu, and Zhaojue. The Gan Gan wine brewing process in Ganluo is the most representative. [Basic characteristics] 1. Water source and climate characteristics: Ganluo, Meigu, Zhaojue and other Yi areas have high mountains and steep slopes, dense forests, beautiful mountains and clear waters, and a pleasant climate. There are high-quality mountain springs everywhere, which provide unique conditions for brewing high-quality and mellow Gan Gan wine. 2. Raw material characteristics: Gan Gan wine emphasizes clear yellow color, pure wine taste, refreshing taste, and aftertaste. The liquor has a long history, so the selection of raw materials requires full grains, bright colors and excellent quality. 3. Craft and cultural characteristics: There are no specific physical and chemical indicators for the production of Gan Gan wine. Every process, from the choice of climate for winemaking to the selection of materials, frying of raw materials, steaming, cooling, adding koji, adding charcoal, adding dry red peppers, fermentation, sealing and placement, is based on experience. It is particularly important to point out that Yi winemaking is not only a craft, but also a cultural phenomenon. There are many folk customs in its brewing process, such as prohibiting people with physical defects or unclean people from brewing wine, prohibiting strangers from entering, prohibiting loud noises, and prohibiting children from playing with raw materials. During the brewing process, blessings are recited, praying to the god of wine to give the wine color, aroma and taste. 4. Product characteristics: Gan Gan wine can be brewed into low-sweet type, medium-savory type, high-flavor type, etc. according to the different needs of drinkers. The various types have different storage times from brewing to fermentation. There are different requirements for holding it. [Basic content] 1. Production process: The production process is relatively complicated, mainly including more than ten processes such as material selection, preparation, steaming, adding koji, fermenting, sealing, storing and drinking. 1. Material selection and preparation. Gan Gan wine is mostly made of corn, buckwheat, sorghum, glutinous rice, etc., and the grain, color, quality and other aspects of the raw materials are important. 2. Processing and brewing. Shell or fry the raw materials, and grind them into fine and coarse powders according to needs. Pour the raw materials into a bamboo dustpan, add water and buckwheat shells, stir evenly, pour into a wooden or bamboo steamer and steam until 70% or 80% cooked, then pour into a dustpan to spread and cool to an appropriate temperature, add a charcoal or burn a dry red pepper, sprinkle with wine koji and recite a blessing, then put it into leather or wool, seal it, cover it with grass, etc., ferment it for two or three days, take out the raw materials and put them into the prepared earthen altar (with grass as a pad at the bottom), add grass to the altar mouth and seal it with bamboo strips. The storage time can be long or short. It can be drunk after ten days or half a month, and it can be stored for 3-5 years before drinking. According to the needs, Gan Gan wine can be divided into low-sweet fragrance type, medium-savory type, high-strong fragrance type, etc. Its production has different differences in the amount of koji added, temperature and humidity, fermentation storage time, etc. 3. Production of wine koji. Wine koji, called "Di" by Yi people, is mostly processed by Yi folk wine koji makers using various plants. "The Origin of Wine" states: There are sixteen kinds of raw materials for making wine koji, "three kinds are on the plateau, brought back by herders; three kinds are brought back by pig herders in swamps; three kinds are brought back by diggers on the slopes; three kinds are brought back by honey collectors on the rocks; three kinds are brought back by hunters in the forest; three kinds are brought back by workers on the plains." The main raw materials for making wine koji are more than ten kinds such as Dici Amao, Wei Ma Qia Pi, Kesye, and buckwheat noodles. 4. Use. The use of Gan Gan wine can be divided into opening the lid of the jar, soaking it in water, inserting a bamboo tube, and sucking it. 2. Brewing utensils: iron pot, dustpan, straw, fern, wine koji, charcoal, red pepper, bamboo slices, buckwheat shells, sheepskin flags, plant ash, knives, etc. 3. Folk customs during brewing and drinking. There are many taboos and drinking folk customs in the process of brewing and drinking. Such as choosing an auspicious day, reciting blessings during brewing to pray for the fragrance of the wine, avoiding strangers from entering, avoiding loud noises, and avoiding brewing by people with physical defects. At the same time, there are many drinking folk customs formed when taking wine. [Basic value] 1. Historical value. Gan Gan wine is a historical witness to the development of Yi winemaking technology. It is a unique memory and living legacy of the development process of ancient society's winemaking technology from low-alcohol wine drinks such as fermented glutinous rice to strong liquor. It is of great value to the study of Yi nationality brewing technology. 2. Cultural value. The wine culture derived from the material properties of wine has injected unique, rich and profound folk customs into Yi culture and become a solidifier of social life. Yi proverb says, "Wine is used to worship ancestors and send spirits, wine is used to reconcile clans, wine is used to make marriages between relatives, wine is used during festivals, wine is used to bicker and play, wine is used to gather and hold meetings, wine is used to send off troops, wine is used to mediate and judge cases, wine is used to visit relatives and friends, wine is used to chat and talk, wine is used to worship and offer sacrifices to gods, wine is used to entertain guests, wine is used to marry daughters and daughters, wine is used for production and labor, wine is used for the edges of fields, and wine is used for grazing and shearing." "One horse is worth a jar of wine, one life is worth a horse," and "fine wine is the embankment of friendship." It can be said that the wine culture born from wine is full of the concept of wine culture and reflects its unique penetration everywhere, which has an important impact on building a harmonious society and enriching the cultural life of the Yi area. 3. Academic value. The rich drinking customs of the Yi people involve many fields such as ethnology, anthropology, literature and art, medicine, diet, aesthetics, philosophy, etc., providing a rare and outstanding example for studying the material folk customs and intangible culture of the Yi people. 4. Economic value. Gan Gan wine has important economic value and plays an important role in increasing the income of local people and promoting local economic development.