The creation and development of Qinghai Han folk tunes has gone through a long period of time. Some narrative chapters in the Book of Songs have already nurtured some elements of this genre. The Xianghe Songs of the Han Dynasty are a form of singing accompanied by stringed instruments. They are obviously different from the Tongtu ballads (songs such as cantabile songs). Xianghe Songs can be said to be one of the sources of minor tunes. Minor tunes are also called "minor tunes", "liqu" and "time tunes". They are folk songs used by people to express their feelings and entertain themselves in their daily lives after work, as well as in weddings, funerals and festivals. Therefore, there are more processed and refined elements, less improvisation in lyrics and music, more stereotyped, and more mature and perfect in art. Therefore, minor tunes are relatively widely circulated, covering cities and towns, and their content widely involves the lives of people from all walks of life. In June 2011, it was selected into the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. Serial number: 1076 Project number: II-146 Applicant area or unit: Xining, Qinghai Province Xining is the capital of Qinghai Province and the political, economic, scientific, cultural and transportation center of the province. It has a long history and culture, unique natural resources, and colorful folk customs. It is a shining pearl on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Xining covers an area of 350 square kilometers, with a built-up area of 75 square kilometers and a population of 1 million. It is a city where Han, Hui, Tibetan, Mongolian, Manchu, Tu, Salar and other ethnic groups live together. Ethnic minorities account for 23% of the total population of the city. Hui and Tibetan are the most numerous. If you want to appreciate ethnic customs, this is a good place. Qinghai Han folk tunes generally refer to folk songs and dances popular in town markets. After being passed down from generation to generation, they have been processed more artistically and have the characteristics of balanced structure, regular rhythm, delicate melody, and gentleness. There are many folk names for it, such as Xiaoqu, Liqu, Lane Ballads, Village Square Xiaoqu, Market Xiaoling, Suqu, Shidiao, Sidiao, Sixian Xiaochang, etc. Liu Shiwei, the inheritor of Qinghai Han folk Xiaodiao, teaches to sing Xiaodiao. The emergence and development of Xiaodiao has gone through a long period of time. Some narrative chapters in the Book of Songs have already nurtured some elements of this genre. The Xianghe Song of the Han Dynasty is a singing form accompanied by string and bamboo instruments. It is obviously different from the Tu Song (a kind of song of singing). Xianghe Song can be said to be one of the sources of Xiaodiao. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, folk Yuefu folk songs such as "Ziye Sishi Ge", "Congjun Wugen Zhuan", and "Yuejie Zheyangliu Ge" appeared in the folk. From them, we can see the structure principles of several traditional Xiaodiao that were widely spread in later generations, such as the four seasons, the five o'clock, and the twelve months. By the Sui and Tang Dynasties, more folk songs were selected and refined and became part of the rap and dance performances, called quzi, which was also an early form of the Xiaodiao genre. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, along with the increasing prosperity of China's urban economy, Xiaodiao also entered a mature stage of comprehensive development. On the one hand, many folk song tunes introduced from rural areas to cities were sung and processed by artists and became part of Xiaodiao. On the other hand, Xiaoling and Santao, which emerged in the Yuan Dynasty, gradually separated from the strict southern and northern tunes in the process of dissemination to meet the needs of the urban class, and became a kind of Xiaodiao that is easy to understand, fluent and beautiful, and still retains the name of the tune. Qinghai Han folk Xiaodiao is a type of Chinese folk song genre. Generally refers to folk song and dance Xiaodiao popular in urban markets. Xiaodiao is a general term that has only been commonly used in recent years. Xiaodiao is also called "Xiaoqu", "Liqu", "Shidiao", etc. It is a folk song used by people to express their feelings and entertain themselves in their daily lives after work, as well as at weddings, funerals and festivals. Because it is sung by professional and semi-professional artists and has a close connection with quyi and opera, it has more processed and refined elements, less improvisation in lyrics and music, and is more stereotyped. It is more mature and perfect in art. Therefore, minor tunes are relatively widely spread, covering cities and towns, and their content widely involves the lives of people from all walks of life. Rural minor tunes mostly reflect rural daily life, especially the love and marriage life of rural women; urban minor tunes involve the lives of small handicraftsmen, businessmen, citizens, women at the bottom of society, beggars, etc., as well as entertainment, natural scenery, life knowledge, folk stories, etc. Minor tunes express delicate and tortuous emotions, with a relatively regular form and rich and diverse expression methods. According to different contents, minor tunes can be divided into four categories: lyric songs, humorous songs, children's songs and folk songs. Most minor tunes are in the form of stanza songs, with multiple paragraphs of lyrics in one song, often using time series such as four seasons, five watches, and twelve hours, with multiple aspects and more detailed statements. In order to meet the needs of multiple paragraphs of lyrics, its melody summarizes and condenses to express a certain emotion (either soft, sad, or cheerful), with strong melody, smooth melody, gentle and tortuous, rich and varied melody lines, and strong expressiveness. The singing of Meihu in Qinghai is different from Qinqiang. When performing Qinqiang in Qinghai, the singing, music, and production of Shaanxi Qinqiang are used, and "authentic Qinqiang" masters are often invited to provide guidance. Meihu Opera, on the other hand, incorporates a strong local flavor, especially the Qinghai dialect used in pronunciation, sentence formation, and recitation, and absorbs many folk tunes and Pingxian music, making it even more popular among the people of Qinghai. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)