Dafang lacquerware has a long history and is well-known both at home and abroad. It enjoys the reputation of being one of the three treasures of Guizhou. Dafang County is located in the central part of Bijie area in northwest Guizhou, on the north bank of Liuchong, a tributary of Wujiang River, on the west end of Dalou Mountain, and in the transition zone between the Qianxi Plateau and the Qianzhong Mountain Plateau. The county has overlapping mountains, deep cuts, crisscrossing gullies, and staggered river valleys. The climate is a warm temperate humid monsoon climate with an average annual temperature of 11.8. There is no severe cold in winter, no scorching heat in summer, short summer and long winter, similar spring and autumn, and many rainy and foggy days, which is suitable for the growth of lacquer trees. The lacquer is of excellent quality, especially the lacquer produced by lacquer trees growing in oil sands. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, She Xiang, a female politician of the Shuixi Yi nationality and the acting envoy of Guizhou, offered the "red lacquer" developed by Dafang local lacquer as a tribute. Since the Ming Dynasty, the lacquerware craftsmanship of Dafang has been greatly improved. The folk lacquer artists in the county have developed and improved on the basis of leatherware, forming a set of lacquerware craftsmanship that can better realize the artistic effect and practical value of utensils, and began to make leather lacquerware. The body material is made of cattle, horses and sheepskin, and the gray and lacquer ground crafts are more perfect. The decoration has techniques such as inlaying and filling lacquer, and the patterns of exotic birds and monsters have increased. The variety of shapes has also increased, and there are wooden body products. In the Qing Dynasty, the production of Dafang lacquerware was quite developed. "Qianlong Tongzhi" once recorded that "the leatherware in Guizhou is the best in Dading". Dafang lacquerware has begun to be sold abroad. Dafang leather body lacquerware has become a national feature, and it is as famous as Beijing carved lacquerware, Shanxi cloud carving, Gansu filling color, Sichuan polished carved lacquerware, and Fuzhou bodiless lacquerware. In China, it has created a hidden pattern decoration technique with natural changes in depth, elegant and implicit, and simple and unique artistic style. During the Daoguang period, lacquerware family workshops were all over the streets and alleys, and it was called "Half City of Lacquer". During the Guangxu period, lacquerware production began to develop from family workshops to handicraft workshops. In the early years of the Republic of China, the number of lacquerware handicraft workshops increased. In the 4th year of the Republic of China (1915), at the International Exposition held in San Francisco to celebrate the opening of the Panama Canal in the United States, Dafang lacquerware and Yangzhou lacquerware both won awards. In the 27th year of the Republic of China, the leather-based lacquer gourds produced by "Baoguangzhai" managed by Zhang Boqing won a certificate of merit from the Ministry of Industry of the National Government. After liberation, the People's Government took measures to save, support and develop lacquerware production. The practitioners were included in the handicraft cooperative organization, and later transferred to local state-owned enterprises. Funds were allocated to train personnel and increase factory equipment. Dafang lacquerware production was restored and developed, and the products were exported to Japan, the United States, Belgium, Singapore and other countries. In 1979, Dafang leather-based and hollow lacquerware won the title of provincial excellent products. Since the reform and opening up, Dafang lacquerware has improved product shape and adjusted product structure. In 1985, Dafang hollow lacquerware was rated as an excellent tourist product, and in 1986 it won the provincial "Huangguoshu Cup" award. Qian Weichang, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, visited Dafang Lacquerware Factory in December 1988 and wrote an inscription for the lacquerware factory: "Carry forward the colorful craft tradition with national charm." Dafang lacquerware production has five major processes, including lacquer making, tire blank, gray ground, lacquer ground, and decoration, more than 50 processes, and 82 production links. 1. Lacquer making. Harvest raw lacquer, add tung oil to the raw lacquer and put it in an iron pot, place it on charcoal fire to boil, remove its impurities, control the heat, and make it into finished lacquer. Before liberation, there were only a few techniques for making vermilion, yellow lacquer and polishing lacquer. After liberation, transparent lacquer techniques were introduced to increase the brightness of the products, and gradually developed the techniques of making dark lacquer such as red, blue, green, and purple and various light-colored lacquer, and the product color was more colorful. 2. Tire blank. That is, the molding process of the vessel. It includes kneading and forming according to the design, and forming by casting. The quality of the vessel is determined by the tire material and the production method. 3. Gray ground. That is, the solidification and shaping process. It includes roughing, fine ash, enameling, and trimming. The vessel is required to be square and regular, the seams are tight, and the tightness is moderate without deformation. 4. Lacquer. That is, the process of artistic processing such as lacquering on the surface of the object. It includes lacquering primer, repainting, cleaning, topcoat, flat grinding, polishing, etc. The production cycle is long and the production conditions are high. It needs to be carried out in a constant temperature and humidity, dust-proof workshop, and it is required to polish the black Lu smooth and shiny, fade the simple and ancient color, and the bright light is fine and smooth. 5. Decoration. That is, the process of using patterns and colors to increase the beauty of the object. Decoration means modification, embellishment, and beautification. In the selection of patterns and themes. According to the texture of different materials, different decorative techniques are used to achieve a certain decorative effect. The varieties of Dafang lacquerware are divided according to the characteristics of craftsmanship and materials. There are eight categories, fourteen categories, and fifty-five varieties. 1. Quality and color door plain surface category: black lacquer and red lacquer. 2. Paint for covered doors: yellow lacquer, red lacquer, gold lacquer. 3. Inlaid doors: colorful inlaid lacquer painting; hidden pattern: yellow hidden pattern, silver hidden pattern, inlaid hidden pattern. 4. Decorated doors: gold painting on black ground, gold painting on colored ground, gold painting on colored ground; fake gold painting: gold painting on colored ground, gold painting on red ground, black lacquer painting on black ground, gold painting on red ground, gold painting; painted lacquer: black hook painted lacquer, flat painting, thin painting, painted. 5. Filled and inlaid doors with paint: hollow and inlaid paint, patterned paint, paint patterned paint; Lacquer: red treasure sand, green treasure sand, blue treasure sand, purple treasure sand, treasure sand with color, treasure sand with gold, treasure sand inlaid with silver, treasure sand inlaid with color pieces and changing paint; Inlaid pieces: platform flower, platform flower color, printed brocade, inlaid color pieces, inlaid eggshells, inlaid mother-of-pearl, inlaid gold and silver pieces; 6. Piled up doors with paint: black ground, color paint, color ground, color paint, gold and silver ground, color-changing pile paint, dry color, pile paint, hidden ground and gold painting; 7. Doors with 钅仓 drawn by 钅仓; Drawing category: 钅仓 gold 钅仓 color; 8. Complex decoration of door with treasure sand ground: treasure sand ground inlaid pieces, coloring, treasure Tao ground, piled lacquer, gold painting, treasure sand ground, powdering and painting, treasure sand ground, gold painting, treasure sand ground, flower painting; Patterned ground decoration: patterned ground inlaid pieces, patterned ground, gold painting, patterned ground, patterned ground, complex color lacquer. Dafang County is one of the six largest lacquer-producing counties in China. It is famous for its high production and quality of raw lacquer. There is a folk poem: "Fang lacquer is as bright as oil, reflecting my sister combing her hair, shaking the tiger stripes, and picking up the fishing hook." When the art of lacquer is perfect, the luster of lacquerware can reach the state of "vermilion polished like coral, black lacquer polished like black jade." The beauty of lacquer is highlighted by simple shapes and simple decorations. Lacquerware is a special handicraft. With its unique production process and rich local ethnic artistic style, it combines high appreciation value and practical value. It is an excellent national folk art treasure in Guizhou Province. In addition, Dafang lacquerware is also famous for its vivid shapes and colorful combinations. The development, evolution and improvement of Dafang lacquerware are permeated with the connotation of local ethnic culture and art. The design absorbs the excellent patterns of batik and embroidery from various ethnic minorities in the province, enriches the decoration of lacquerware, and forms the style of Guizhou. It is known as the "flower of Guizhou national crafts" and is listed as one of the "three treasures of Guizhou" along with "Maotai Liquor" and "Yuping Dongxiao". The inheritance of Dafang lacquerware production technology is mainly passed down by private workshops and skilled workers in state-owned lacquerware factories. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, lacquerware workshops began to appear in the handicraft industry. During the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, Dafang lacquerware workshops were all over the streets and alleys in the city, with more than 500 practitioners. During the Guangxu period, there were workshops of Ran Yinchong, Tang Tianyi, Chen Tiangui and other goods. Chen Dagui held the "Dashunzhan" lacquerware workshop at the Dragon King Temple in the county seat, with more than 10 apprentices, and closed down at the end of the Qing Dynasty. During the Republic of China period, there were lacquer shops such as the "Wanshou Palace" lacquer workshop jointly funded by Xu Yaoguang, Zou Yanchen, Peng Juyuan's "Yisengong", Zhang Boqing's "Baoguangzhai", Zhang Xiaoxian's "Rongshunhe", and Yang Zhongyi's "Minsheng Lacquer Goods Society". There were more than 10 unbranded workshops, including Xiao Jianan, Wang Hansheng, Wang Dengfu, Du Huaxuan, Pan Yuming, Zhu Shihai, Zhang Junming, Liu Congru, and Du Tiaoye. The production process was inherited by these workshop owners and masters and has been well developed. On the eve of liberation, there were only two production workshops left, "Baoguangzhai" and "Minsheng Lacquer Goods Society". In 1958, the state-owned Dafang Lacquerware Factory was established, and a lacquerware production workshop was established, with 230 employees. During the Cultural Revolution, Dafang lacquerware production was suspended. In 1973, Dafang lacquerware production resumed. In May 1986, at the National Lacquer Painting Exhibition and Evaluation Conference, Dafang's "Wonders of Dragon Palace", "Country Road" and "Stone Village" won the Craft Award and Creation Award respectively, and "Bride" was listed as a treasure and collected by the National Art Museum of China. In 1988, Maotai wine boxes and Yuping flute boxes were successfully trial-produced and put into production. By 1990, the variety of Dafang lacquerware patterns and colors had developed to more than 400. In 1991, Yang Shaoxian, the director of Dafang Lacquerware Factory, was awarded the title of "Chinese Lacquerware Artist" by the National Lacquerware Quality Management Association. There are very few inheritors of Dafang's leather lacquerware production technology, and currently there are only Chen Guixiang and his son. Information source: Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage Center (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) Information source: Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage Center (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)