Manas
Manas is a heroic epic of the Kirgiz people, describing the deeds of the hero Manas and his seven generations of descendants who led the Kirgiz people to fight against foreign invaders and various 1 forces. Manas embodies the indomitable national character and the national spirit of unity and hard work of the Kirgiz people. Manas is mainly circulated in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in the south of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in the north of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. In addition, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan in Central Asia are also important areas where Manas is circulated, and it is also circulated in northern Afghanistan. According to historical records, Manas began to circulate in the 16th century and has been passed down orally for thousands of years. Folk singers play an important role in the creation and inheritance of the epic. The census of Manas began in the 1960s. During the census, many singers who sang Manas were found and various variants of Manas were recorded. Since the 1960s, the Kyrgyz texts of the eight parts of Manas (230,000 lines, 18 volumes) sung by Jusup Mamayi have been recorded, sorted and published. Currently, there are many translations into English, Russian, Chinese, Turkish, Japanese and Kazakh. Manas is regarded as the national soul of the Kyrgyz people and embodies the spiritual strength of the Kyrgyz people. It draws nourishment from the ancient Kyrgyz epic and the rich Kyrgyz folk literature, and embraces the ancient Kyrgyz myths, legends, customary songs, folk narrative poems and folk proverbs. It is a collection of the Kyrgyz folk literature and an encyclopedia of the Kyrgyz folk culture. It has the value of literature, history, language, folklore and other disciplines. With the acceleration of the modernization process, the inheritance of Manas is facing a crisis. Some important epic singers have passed away one after another, and the famous singers who are still alive are over 70 years old. The situation of epic inheritance is grim. Therefore, the rescue and protection of Manas is urgent.