Manchu and Xibe calligraphy, traditional art of Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, one of the national intangible cultural heritages. The alphabetic writing of Chinese ethnic groups can be divided into seven categories according to the source of the alphabetic form and other conditions. One of them is: Suli, Uighur, Mongolian, Manchu, and Xibe. Suli originated from the Aramaic cursive script of the Persian era. The Uighur alphabet was created with reference to the Suli alphabet. Later, the Mongolian alphabet was formulated with reference to the Uighur alphabet, and the Manchu alphabet was formulated with reference to the Mongolian alphabet. Xibe is the continuation of Manchu. Manchu calligraphy was formed in the Qing Dynasty. In 1599 AD, Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing Dynasty, ordered Erdeni and Gagai to create Manchu with reference to the Mongolian alphabet. The Manchus created Manchu seal characters in the 13th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign (1748 AD) with reference to the Chinese seal script. Based on the calligraphy characteristics of the Han and Manchu peoples, the Xibe people created the seal script, regular script, cursive script and official script of Xibe calligraphy, thus completing the calligraphy system of regular script, cursive script, official script and seal script of Xibe calligraphy. Xibe calligraphy is mainly spread in Chabuchaer Xibe Autonomous County, Xinjiang, Urumqi, Yining, Bole and other places, and belongs to the category of folk art. In the Qing Dynasty, most of the genealogies were written in Manchu. The genealogies in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China were re-compiled based on the preserved old genealogies. The texts were mostly in Xibe, Chinese and Manchu, and there were also Xibe and Chinese combined. There are two main types of Xibe genealogies, one is a genealogy book, and the other is a genealogy list. Whether it is a genealogy book or a genealogy list, its writing language has the following forms: First, the genealogy before Qianlong or during the Kangxi and Qianlong prosperous periods was generally written in Manchu, but few have been preserved; second, the genealogy after Qianlong to Jiaqing, Daoguang and the Republic of China was mostly written based on the old genealogy; third, the genealogy compiled during the Republic of China was mostly written in Chinese and Xibe, and there are also genealogies with Xibe and Chinese or Manchu and Chinese combined. After the 1640s, a large number of Manchus entered the country and generally used Chinese and Chinese characters, and Manchu gradually declined. However, the Xibe people who moved west to Xinjiang never gave up the Manchu language that they had used since the early Qing Dynasty. After the Xinhai Revolution, Manchu was still their common language. In 1947, intellectuals of the Xibe ethnic group reformed the Manchu language that they used, abolished some syllables, added new letters of the Xibe language, and created the Xibe language that developed from the Manchu language. Autonomous agencies still use this Xibe language when exercising their powers. After the concept of Xibe was formed, Xibe literati in Xinjiang used small regular script to copy many famous Chinese literary works translated into Xibe, which promoted the development of Xibe calligraphy. Since the 1950s, pen calligraphy has emerged. With the publication of newspapers and books, several major fonts such as regular script, seal script, running script, and cursive script have been widely used. Traditional Xibe calligraphy requires symmetry between the head, middle, and tail, and pays attention to regularity and harmony, and connects the changes in character shapes on a vertical line. In 1986, Getuken borrowed and absorbed the characteristics of Chinese calligraphy and created a variety of artistic forms such as "Songhun Style", "Yanyun Style", and "Songyan Style", making Xibe calligraphy fonts varied and breaking the format of traditional calligraphy. In 1995, Getuken combined the characteristics of Manchu seal characters and Chinese official script to create 8 official script fonts called "Ge Li Style", filling the gap in Xibe official script. On November 11, 2014, Manchu and Xibe calligraphy were approved by the State Council of the People's Republic of China to be included in the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage list, with the heritage number -119.