Chiseling teeth and tattooing were the ways that the ancestors of the Zhuang nationality expressed beauty on their bodies before they developed clothing and silver ornaments. This custom still exists among the Zhuang people in some areas. Chiseling teeth originated in the late period of blood marriage and the early period of exogamy. The myth "Bu Bo" once talked about chiseling teeth. This myth can give people two pieces of information. One is that the custom of chiseling teeth is very old. The other is that this custom is related to having sons and daughters. In ancient times, the ancestors of the Zhuang nationality regarded chiseling teeth as a rite of passage. It was believed that men and women who chiseled their teeth were mature and qualified to have sex. Over time, chiseling teeth became a custom and was considered beautiful. Later, as production conditions improved, chiseling teeth was combined with tooth implants. To this day, young Zhuang men and women in Longzhou, Guangxi, still consider tooth implants beautiful. When they smile at people, they show one or two golden teeth, and they are very proud of their golden yellow. Men in some areas of the Hongshui River Basin also have the custom of tooth implants. Tattoos According to the Song Dynasty's "Taiping Huanyu Ji", the people of Yongzhou and the states on the left and right sides of the Yangtze River "hate carving, chiseling teeth, drawing pictures, and tattoos". It can be seen that the custom of tattooing is not only long-standing among the Zhuang people, but also quite common. The reason why the ancestors of the Zhuang people tattooed was said in "Shuoyuan Qinshi Pian" to avoid the harm of snake dragons (i.e. crocodiles). It turned out that some of the ancestors of the Zhuang people who were engaged in fishing were often attacked by crocodiles in the rivers and seas, which caused people to be afraid. People were in awe of it, so they dressed themselves up as "dragons" (crocodiles) and prayed that it would not harm them. In addition, people tattooed on their foreheads and bodies to distinguish between different clans and tribes, and had the function of marking national totems. Later, the concept of totem faded, and tattoos gradually became a decoration, becoming a supplement and extension of clothing. Around 1949, some Zhuang areas still had the habit of tattooing. The face is the most important part of the Zhuang tattoo, because it is the first part that catches people's eyes. The second is the chest, then the arms and back, and finally the knees to the lower abdomen. The content of tattoos is related to the customs of different Zhuang tribes, that is, to the symbolic totems of different clans. Later, it was related to certain concepts of people, such as different aesthetic concepts. Zhuang tattoos are in the shape of crocodiles, crocodile scales, tiger stripes, snakes, cloud and thunder patterns, moths, butterflies, flowers and plants, birds, dragonflies, etc. The color used is all blue-black, which is consistent with the clothing, showing the aesthetic view of the Zhuang ancestors that black is beautiful. In some places, men are covered with tiger stripes, showing a kind of majestic masculinity. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)