There are ancient papermaking methods in Sansui, Changshun, Huishui, Panxian and other places in Guizhou. It is said that they inherited Cai Lun's invention and all paid tribute to Cai Lun. For example, the papermaking units and papermaking families in Wenggui, Changshun, hold a ceremony to pay tribute to Cai Lun every year on the 27th day of the fifth lunar month. According to the "Guangshun Prefecture Chronicles", Wenggui's papermaking workshop had already taken shape during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, it was listed as a local tax and a tribute to the court, known as "Wenggui Paper". Wenggui Paper was famous at the time. The first volume of "Selected Literature and History Materials in Southern Guizhou" contains such a record in "The Creation and Development of Duyun White Paper Industry": In the early years of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, three old workers from Guangshun District, Changshun County, this province, Zhang Youyin, Jian Chenggui, and Tao Yi, carried white paper on their shoulders and traveled through the villages and counties to Duyun, and found that Duyun was rich in hemp. At that time, there was no papermaking industry in Duyun, and the good raw materials for papermaking became useless. The paper needed in Duyun area was all shipped from other places, which was not only expensive but also often out of stock. So they agreed with the local fellow villagers in Guanxiang Street, Beimen, to establish a white paper handicraft industry in Duyun. After obtaining everyone's consent, they rented two houses in Guanxiang Street and built a simple factory. During the Guangxu period, the government wanted to increase the paper tax many times. The craftsmen on the east bank of Wenggui united and confronted the government tit-for-tat, arguing with reason, and finally forced the government to make concessions, maintain the original tax, and set up a monument as a witness. The stone tablet of "Yongchu Dingli" erected in the 24th year of Guangxu still has a fragment in the Wenggui Papermaking Society. Wenggui papermaking workshop has a long history and was at its peak in the Qing Dynasty. There were hundreds of workshops and nearly a thousand workers. The main raw material of white paper produced by the traditional papermaking workshop is the bark of the mulberry tree. It is all hand-operated, and the process is complicated and meticulous. A piece of paper has to go through 72 processes in the hands of the craftsmen. Main steps: wet material, soak the dry bark in water to soften it. "One dozen" means "one dozen", which weighs about 5 kilograms. "One dozen" actually means sorting and classifying, that is, long, short, thick and thin are classified into one dozen. Soaking: put the sorted materials one by one in order and soak them in water for a week. Slurry: put a certain amount of slaked lime in a prepared pool and stir it evenly, then drain the residue juice. Take out the soaked bark one by one (do not mess it up) and soak it in the slurry pool for a few minutes. After taking it out of the slurry pool, sort it out one by one and place it in a place where water can be drained until the water drips dry. Steaming: put it in the steaming kiln after the water drips dry. The steaming should be done twice. After the first steaming for a week, the steamed part at the bottom and the part on the surface that is not cooked should be taken out again, and the part on the surface should be turned over to the bottom and continue steaming for another week until it is fully cooked. Washing: put the steamed bark in clean water and step on it with your feet. The purpose is to remove the black water in the bark and the black shell on the surface. Floating materials, put them into the river (flowing water) one by one for a week to make them clean and soft, and squeeze them dry. Raising materials, wash them in clean water, at this time, the residue and juice in the bark have been completely removed. Baiting, also called Zha material, put the slag-free materials into the sealed water kiln and boil them for a day and a night. In the early days, lime was used, and later soda ash was used. About 3 kilograms of soda ash was used for one hundred grams of materials. After Baiting, wring them dry by hand. Beating materials, wring them dry and beat them into skins with a pair of wood. Bag washing, put the skins into a bag that can filter water, then put it into clean water and use the material cake to move back and forth in the bag until the skins are wriggled away and clear water appears, and then squeeze them into bark. Frying paper, put the bark into a sink filled with water and stir it in the sink with a wooden stick until the materials are evenly mixed in the sink. When stirring, a certain amount of glutinous leaf water should be added (glutinous leaf water can play a role in brightening and isolating). Then use the bamboo curtain to swing back and forth in the sink. When you pick up the bamboo curtain, a thin piece of paper will stick to it. Then turn the curtain over and stick the paper on the prepared flat plate, stacking them one by one. When there are about a thousand sheets, cover them with a flat wooden board and press them dry. Sunning the paper is the drying process. After squeezing, take them to the paper drying room and fold them down one by one and stick them on the back of the paper to dry. Use scissors to trim the rough edges, and stack a hundred sheets together to form a piece of paper. Bundling, put twenty pieces together to form a bundle for easy storage and transportation. There are many details in each process, and some processes have to be repeated many times, and 72 processes have to be experienced before and after. The original papermaking in Laochang Town, Pan County uses the gray bamboo that is abundant in the local area as the main raw material. The entire papermaking process consists of cutting bamboo hemp, knocking bamboo hemp, beating the paddle, going up the kiln, boiling the kiln, stepping on bamboo hemp, washing bamboo hemp, stepping on the soaking kiln, pouring sharp water, penetrating sharp water, beating the pestle, mixing birch water, going down the trough, manipulating paper, squeezing paper, drying paper, and combining paper. Cutting bamboo hemp: The young shoots that have been kept for seed will grow into old bamboos, and the rest will be cut into bamboo hemp. Beating bamboo hemp: After the bamboo hemp is sent to the paper kiln, special tools are used to beat each bamboo hemp into thin and broken long strips, and then the thin and broken long strips are bundled into several pieces. Beating the sticks: Put countless bundles of long strips into the prepared lime slurry and mix them evenly, and then take them out to the kiln. Putting them into the kiln: Stack them neatly in the kiln (20,000 to 30,000 kilograms). Boiling the kiln: Add a small amount of water to the kiln, seal the surface of the kiln hole with lime, and light a fire at the bottom of the iron pot in the kiln to boil the kiln for fifteen to twenty days. Trampling bamboo hemp: Use a special nail palladium to grab the cooked bamboo hemp from the kiln and put it on the treading board beside it, put on the nail shoes for trampling bamboo hemp to trample the bamboo hemp into thin and crushed pieces. Washing bamboo hemp: Wash the lime slurry on the bamboo hemp with clean water seven to eight times. Stepping on the kiln: put the bamboo hemp that has been washed to remove the lime slurry into the kiln layer by layer, and pour soda ash, caustic soda (in the past, plant ash) and water on the bamboo hemp according to the proportion. Sprinkling sharp water: ignite the fire, let the boiling water spray out from the reserved small hole, and collect the sprayed sharp water in a container and sprinkle it on the bamboo hemp without sharp water. Penetrating sharp water: after the bamboo hemp is boiled in the kiln for fifteen to twenty days, the chemical raw materials added will become the material after a period of fermentation. Beating the pestle: send the material to the pestle room and the trough room, and use the pestle to beat the material into pulp. Putting the trough: put the pulp into the trough, add water and stir, and after the pulp density is uniform, drain the water in the trough. Rolling the paper: add a certain amount of water to the trough, and mix it with birch water (water made from birch roots and bark), and use a curtain to roll the paper from the trough to the pressing plate one by one. Paper pressing: After filtering the paper on the pressing plate overnight, the water contained in the paper roll is squeezed out again with special equipment for paper pressing (locally called tall people and dwarves). Paper drying: The paper rolls that have been squeezed out of water are sent to the baking room, dried, and removed one by one, and brushed one by one on the baking wall with a paper drying brush. Paper folding: Fold the dried paper on the baking wall and neatly fold them together according to the knife of 100 sheets. The ancient papermaking methods of Huishui Lushan, Sansui Guidong, Changshun Wenggui, and Panxian Laochang all have something in common. They are all made from local materials, with uniform fiber, high pulping rate, low degree of lignification, easy to refine, and strong adsorption. The 72 processes from raw material processing to paper making are all manually operated. Most of the raw material processing adopts methods such as sun drying, rain, and dew refining. It is natural and has no specific physical and chemical indicators. It is mastered entirely by experience. It is a "living fossil" for studying my country's papermaking technology. During the reign of Emperor Guangxu, there was an outstanding papermaking craftsman in Wenggui, Jiang Mangong, who invented the "head-grabbing nail" and improved the papermaking curtain covering technology, which doubled the efficiency and improved the quality. He was known as the "Little Cai Lun". Famous papermaking craftsmen in Wenggui include Zhang Mingyang, Jian Yuanzhong, Wang Zhixiang, Li Yuhua, and Qin De'en. There are more than 20 papermaking families, some of which have been passed down for 12 generations. Famous papermaking craftsmen in the old factory in Pan County include Wang Diaojin, Li Qingwu, Zhou Rongxi, Li Yehong, and Yang Jianhua. Famous papermaking craftsmen in Sansui Guidong include Yang Xiufang, Yang Xiuming, Wang Huaibing, Yang Zaixiang, and Yang Zaijin. Famous papermaking craftsmen in Huishui Lushan include Li Faming, Liu Yongfan, Liu Yonglong, Wang Dabang, and Li Shangchun. The papermaking industry has developed to this day, although this ancient papermaking technique is still being passed down in the old factory. Since the entire papermaking process is multi-faceted, detailed, complex, seasonal, and time-consuming, and the production span is large, it is difficult for one person to complete it; the economic benefits are not high, so most young people lack labor after going out to work. With the progress of society and the development of science and technology, mechanical papermaking has gradually replaced this traditional papermaking process. Information source: Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage Center Information source: Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage Center