Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'University and Historic Precinct of Alcalá de Henares' has mentioned 'City' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Alcalxc3xa1 de Henares (Spanish pronunciation:xc2xa0[alkaxcbx88la xc3xb0e excbx88naxc9xbees]) is a Spanish city in the Community of Madrid. | WIKI |
| Predated by earlier settlements (oppida) on the left bank of the Henares, the city has its origins in the Complutum settlement founded in Roman times on the right bank (north) of the river, that became a bishopric seat in the 5th century. | WIKI |
| The city has a long university tradition. | WIKI |
| The city currently hosts the (refounded) University of Alcalxc3xa1. | WIKI |
| Contents 1 Name 2 History 2.1 Ecclesiastical history 2.2 Jewish history 3 Geography 3.1 Location 3.2 Climate 4 University 5 Cathedral 6 Other buildings 7 The city today 7.1 The storks 8 Immigration 9 Transport 10 Culture 11 International relations 11.1 Twin towns xe2x80x93 sister cities 12 Notable people 13 See also 14 References 15 External links | WIKI |
| The city boundaries have been inhabited since the Chalcolithic phase of the Bronze Age. | WIKI |
| When the Moors arrived in 711, they subdued the Visigothic city and founded another site, building an al-qalxcaxbfa, which means "citadel" in Arabic, on a nearby hill, today known as Alcalxc3xa1 la Vieja (Old Alcalxc3xa1). | WIKI |
| Despite being largely ruined, the town acquired the status of city in 1687 after long negotiations. | WIKI |
| [14] Seeking for social change, Republican and later Socialist movements grew in force in the city. | WIKI |
| [14] Emerged in reaction to Socialist advances, Social catholicism also took hold in the city since 1905, founding a number of organizations such as Centro Catxc3xb3lico de Accixc3xb3n Social Popular and the Mutual Obrera Complutense. | WIKI |
| Following the 1936 coup d'etat that sparked the Spanish Civil War, putschist elements seized key posts around the city. | WIKI |
| The city suffered severe damage during the Spanish Civil War. | WIKI |
| Thousands of prisoners were held in different camps in the city after the end of the war. | WIKI |
| During Muslim rule, the Jewish community of the city was granted equal rights as the Christians living in it. | WIKI |
| [clarification needed] In the Middle Ages, the Jewish congregation of the city paid taxes to the Archbishop of Toledo. | WIKI |
| During the 15th century, the Jewish congregation of the city was one of the largest in Castile, having about 200 Jewish families. | WIKI |
| Hebrew studies at the University of Alcala were encouraged by Cardinal Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros during the 16th century, bringing some Jews and Marrano Hebraists to work in the city. | WIKI |
| [19] The location of the Jewish quarter of the city is well known xe2x80x93 between Mayor, Santiago, Imagen and Cervantes streets. | WIKI |
| At an average of 654 m of altitude, and occupying some 88xc2xa0km2; the city was for a long time encapsulated in between the river Henares to the South and the Madrid-Barcelona railway to the North. | WIKI |
| The major landmark and one of the great prides of the city, its university, uses sites throughout the city, but has two main campuses. | WIKI |
| Parts of the new university occupy the buildings of the old Universidad Complutense in the city centre, including the modern Colegio de San Ildefonso, and other Colegios, and the structures have served as a model for other universities across the Spanish territories in the Americas and other dependencies. | WIKI |
| Aside from the buildings associated with the university, one of the city's most important and historic building is the Cathedral-Magistral of Saints Justus and Pastor, known formally in Spanish as the Santa e Insigne Catedral-Magistral de los Santos Justo y Pastor or more familiarly as the Catedral de los Santos Nixc3xb1os. | WIKI |
| Constructed between 1497 and 1514, the cathedral houses the remains of Saints Justus and Pastor, two Christian schoolboys martyred near the city during the persecutions of the Roman Emperor Diocletian at the beginning of the 4th century. | WIKI |
| The city is also home to the Archbishops Palace. | WIKI |
| The city today[edit] | WIKI |
| The center of the city remains essentially medieval, with many winding cobbled streets, and many historic buildings. | WIKI |
| The city centre surrounds the Plaza de Cervantes and is traversed by a long pedestrian main street, the Calle Mayor. | WIKI |
| The city includes the Moorish quarter, the Jewish quarter, and the Christian quarter. | WIKI |
| The old city centre has been largely preserved, unlike the suburbs. | WIKI |
| There has been no clear planning by the city councillors regarding expansion, and the sprawling suburban areas are irregularly constructed, with the addition of 1970s-style high rise blocks in many places. | WIKI |
| One of the most important streets in the city is the Calle del Cardenal Cisneros which takes tourists from the Madrid Gate at the entrance of the city, to the old city center and the cathedral in Santos Nixc3xb1os Square. | WIKI |
| The main park of Alcalxc3xa1, Parque Municipal O'Donnell is a major recreational center for city residents and lies along a main road of Alcalxc3xa1, Vxc3xada Complutense. | WIKI |
| Recent archaeological excavations have opened up the city's Roman forum where a large complex comprising a basilica, public baths, a cryptoporticus, a market and a large monumental faxc3xa7ade stands out. | WIKI |
| The city hosts a large population of international students due to the presence of the university, and in particular its Spanish language and literature programs for foreign students. | WIKI |
| Their large nests can be observed atop many of the churches and historic buildings in the city, and are themselves a significant tourist attraction. | WIKI |
| Situated in the lowlands of the Henares river, the city is an attractive home for the migratory storks due to the wide availability of food and nesting material in the area. | WIKI |
| Although once in danger of disappearing, with only eleven pairs counted between 1986 and 1987, the population has grown to around 90 resident pairs today, many of which have shortened the distance and duration of their typical migrations to remain in the city nearly all year. | WIKI |
| Many Chinese businesses have also been established in the city. | WIKI |
| Cervantine city | WIKI |
| The city celebrates the birthday of native son Miguel de Cervantes on 9 October every year and organizes an annual Cervantes festival, the Semana Cervantinaxc2xa0[es] (Cervantine Week). | WIKI |
| The ceremony attracts a wide range of dignitaries to the city including members of the royal family, the prime minister, and others. | WIKI |
| During this ceremony the citizens of Alcalxc3xa1 can be heard singing the city's song, entitled "Alcalxc3xa1 de Henares." | WIKI |
| During this festival the streets are filled with music, art, theatre, and dance as the city residents celebrate Alcalxc3xa1's rich cultural heritage. | WIKI |
| The University Precinct begins at the Plaza Cervantes (the former Plaza Mayor) and extends to the east of the medieval city. | UNESCO |
| The city has its origins in the Roman town of Complutum. | UNESCO |
| The concept of this city, its planning and provisions, belong to the project designed by the Universityxe2x80x99s founder, Cardinal Cisneros. | UNESCO |
| Juxtaposed with the medieval town, this new city was converted into an exceptional model that embodied the Augustinian model of the City of God, as well as to the way it was planned and the buildings it was endowed with. | UNESCO |
| It was the first city of this kind in history and it became a University City model for the Americas and Europe. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (ii): Alcalxc3xa1 de Henares was the first city to be designed and built solely as the seat of a university, and was to serve as the model for other centres of learning in Europe and the Americas. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (iv): The concept of the ideal city, the City of God (Civitas Dei), was first given material expression in Alcalxc3xa1 de Henares, from where it was widely diffused throughout the world. | UNESCO |
| The grid-like urban layout and design of the university, the medieval city street networks with its Calle Mayor as the main artery, as well as the Baroque archways, are all in an exemplary state of conservation. | UNESCO |
| The property appropriately reflects the importance of the creation of the first planned University City in history and the representation of the Civitas Dei in the Baroque period. | UNESCO |
| In addition, the cityxe2x80x99s convents are still being used for religious purposes, as are certain welfare institutions. | UNESCO |
| Alcalxc3xa1xe2x80x99s historic city centre has the highest degree of legal protection since it was declared to be of Historic Value in 1968. | UNESCO |
| Additionally in 1984, the city council established protection regulations that were complemented in 1991 by the Plan General de Ordenacixc3xb3n Urbana (Town Planning Act) and which culminated in the Plan Especial de Proteccixc3xb3n del Casco Histxc3xb3rico (Special Protection Act for the Historic City Centre) passed in 1998. | UNESCO |
| For the financing of interventions in the historic precinct, Alcalxc3xa1 has a Consortium constituted by the City Council, the University and the Autonomous Community of Madrid. | UNESCO |