Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Trans-Iranian Railway' has mentioned 'Railway' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Trans-Iranian RailwayA railway bridge at Do Ab, Mazanderan Province on the Gorgan xe2x80x94 Bandar Torkaman lineOverviewNative namexd8xb1xd8xa7xd9x87xe2x80x8cxd8xa2xd9x87xd9x86 xd8xb3xd8xb1xd8xa7xd8xb3xd8xb1xdbx8c xd8xa7xdbx8cxd8xb1xd8xa7xd9x86TerminiBandar-e EmamGorganHistoryOpened1927Last extension1963Completed1938TechnicalTrack gauge1,435xc2xa0mm (4xc2xa0ftxc2xa08+1xe2x81x842xc2xa0in) standard gauge UNESCO World Heritage SiteOfficialxc2xa0nameTrans-Iranian RailwayLocationIranCriteriaCultural: (ii)(iv)Reference1585Inscription2021 (44th Session) | WIKI |
| The Trans-Iranian Railway (Persian: xd8xb1xd8xa7xd9x87xe2x80x8cxd8xa2xd9x87xd9x86 xd8xb3xd8xb1xd8xa7xd8xb3xd8xb1xdbx8c xd8xa7xdbx8cxd8xb1xd8xa7xd9x86xe2x80x8e) was a major railway building project started in Pahlavi Iran in 1927 and completed in 1938, under the direction of the then-Iranian monarch Reza Shah. | WIKI |
| [2] During the land reforms of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in 1963, as part of the "White Revolution", the Trans-Iranian railway was extended to link Tehran to Mashhad, Tabriz and Isfahan. | WIKI |
| The idea of a railway connecting the Russian Empire and British India was proposed by several private Russian promoters in 1889, 1900, and 1905. | WIKI |
| Fears that Russian interests were no longer primary, alongside the surfacing of anti-Russian political forces in the country, and the emergence of a German threat, made it more important than ever for Iran to protect its commercial interests by building a railway. | WIKI |
| To build the railway the problem of raising enough capital to fund the project was discussed. | WIKI |
| [6] The British were solicited as well, but the request could not be granted, pushing back initiation of the railway's construction further. | WIKI |
| Zveginstov, supporters of the Anglo-Russian Entente, promoted a private initiative for a railway connecting India and Europe, to counteract the economic threat Germany posed to the region. | WIKI |
| Germany's influence over the region was enabled by the Baghdad Railway, which connected Germany and the Ottoman Empire (modern-day Turkey, Syria and Iraq), enabling Germany to begin plans for connecting the railway to Tehran to increase its commercial enterprise. | WIKI |
| A Trans-Iranian Railway Consortium was formed by December 1910, consisting of twelve major Russian banks. | WIKI |
| Nine of these banks came to an agreement with major French banks in 1911, resulting in the crucial financial support needed to fund the railway. | WIKI |
| However, the final step needed to initiate the project was the support of the British, who wanted to restore financial stability in Iran but did not wish to be involved in the Trans-Iranian Railway Consortium through the proposed four to six million pound loan, proposed by Alexander Izvolsky, Imperial Foreign Minister 1906xe2x80x9310, and Sergey Sazonov, Foreign Minister 1910xe2x80x9316. | WIKI |
| Finally, in 1912, the Russian, French, and British financiers formed a Socixc3xa9txc3xa9 d'Etudes for the Trans-Iranian railway. | WIKI |
| When Arthur von Gwinner, Chief Manager of Deutsche Bank and the Baghdad Railway, announced plans to build a section of the railway connecting Baghdad to Khanaqin by 1916, the Russians moved quickly to secure British support and French investments in the Socixc3xa9txc3xa9 d'Etudes. | WIKI |
| Sazonov suggested that appointing a strong Iranian leader would aid the financial aspect of the railway project. | WIKI |
| and thus proceed with the construction of the Trans-Iranian Railway without the agreement of the newly formed parliament. | WIKI |
| Fearing the implications of the impending war, Grey at last found it in Britain's best interest to concede at last, and agreed to initiate application of the railway under the Balmoral conditions. | WIKI |
| By June 1914 surveys for the Enzeli-Tehran section had begun, and by 1915 the results of the Astara-Tehran part of the railway were completed and published. | WIKI |
| Still, progress on the railway was slow. | WIKI |
| The Trans-Iranian Railway in 1938 | WIKI |
| After the substantial interruption of World War I, the project for constructing a standard-gauge 1,435xc2xa0mm (4xc2xa0ftxc2xa08+1xe2x81x842xc2xa0in) railway across Iran was initiated by Reza Shah Pahlavi as part of numerous reforms contributing to the drastic modernization of Iran that occurred over the decades between World War I and World War II. | WIKI |
| Many Americans and British opposed the Trans-Iranian Railway, suggesting more efficient and less expensive modes of transportation, such as the U.S. Army's Motor Transport Service, which hauled about a fourth of the volume hauled by the railway to the Soviet border. | WIKI |
| Some British critics, including General Percy Sykes, opposed the railway because it ran north to south, rather than from west to east. | WIKI |
| There were also Iranians opposed to the building of the railway as well, believing that the money could instead be much more effectively used on roads. | WIKI |
| [15] However, if a cabinet minister was caught criticizing the extensive tax burden the railway produced, he could be placed in prison on counts of being a British collaborator, decidedly attempting to keep Iran backwards for his own financial and strategic goals. | WIKI |
| While it may seem logical to attribute the reduction in transportation prices to the Trans-Iranian Railway, in reality it contributed minimally. | WIKI |
| Although much opposition to the railway was politically and financially motivated, the railway was an expensive tax-burden, costing Iran 2,195,180,700 rials through 1938-1939. | WIKI |
| [17] The majority of capital used to fund the railway was provided through taxes on goods such as sugar and tea, produced in plants set up by the industries ministry, as part of Reza Shah Pahlavi's reform movement. | WIKI |
| In 1924 the American company Ulen negotiated with Prime minister Reza Khan (the later Reza Shah) an agreement to do a feasibility study for a railway line Khorramshahr and the Caspian Sea. | WIKI |
| Kampsax at that time was active in railway construction in Turkey and the Shah followed the Turkish recommendation which had the additional advantage of bringing in a company from a small country which posed no political risk for Iranian independence. | WIKI |
| Long stretches have gradients of up to 1 in 36 [23] and hillclimbing techniques such as railway spirals. | WIKI |
| Trans-Iranian railway in the Zagros mountains | WIKI |
| [26] When the Iranian railway introduced its new numbering system in 1938 the Gxc3xb6lsdorf 0-10-0s kept their original Austrian numbers. | WIKI |
| Despite Reza Shah's attempts to remain neutral, the allies decided it would be most effective to remove Reza Shah from the throne, using his young son,[29] instead to assist in their use of the Trans-Iranian Railway to transport oil to Britain, and supplies to the Soviet Union. | WIKI |
| In September 1941 the Allies took over operation of the Trans-Iranian Railway: British and Empire Royal Engineers (RE) commanded by Brigadier Godfrey D. Rhodes operating the Southern Division between Tehran and the port of Bandar Shahpur on the Persian Gulf and the Soviet Army operating the Northern Division between Tehran and the port of Bandar Shah on the Caspian Sea. | WIKI |
| The RE expanded freight capacity by building new railway yards at Bandar Shahpur, Ahvaz and Andimeshk and a junction at Ahvaz for a new line to Khorramshahr on the Shatt al-Arab. | WIKI |
| In order to increase the line's locomotive fleet the RE built a yard at Abadan to transfer locomotives from merchant ships to barges to take them up the River Karun and a derrick on a jetty on the Karun at Ahwaz to unload them from the barges onto the railway. | WIKI |
| [24] When the British first took over the southern part in 1941, the railway was only able to move one freight train per day. | WIKI |
| The railway was extended from Bandar Shah to Gorgan in 1961. | WIKI |
| In 2014, the Kazakhstan-Turkmenistan-Iran railway link, part of the International Northxe2x80x93South Transport Corridor, was completed and made operational, connecting Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan with Iran, with a new line connecting Gorgan to Etrek in Turkmenistan. | WIKI |