Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text

The text related to the cultural heritage 'Tower of London' has mentioned 'Tower of London' in the following places:
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For other uses, see Tower of London (disambiguation).
The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London.
The Tower of London has played a prominent role in English history.
Today, the Tower of London is one of the country's most popular tourist attractions.
Under the ceremonial charge of the Constable of the Tower, and operated by the Resident Governor of the Tower of London and Keeper of the Jewel House, the property is cared for by the charity Historic Royal Palaces and is protected as a World Heritage Site.
Audio description of the Tower of London by Mike Gatting
Plan of the Tower of London
Although there were several phases of expansion after William the Conqueror founded the Tower of London, the general layout has remained the same since Edward I completed his rebuild in 1285.
The castle encloses an area of almost 12 acres (4.9 hectares) with a further 6 acres (2.4xc2xa0ha) around the Tower of London constituting the Tower Liberties xe2x80x93 land under the direct influence of the castle and cleared for military reasons.
[7] Despite popular fiction, the Tower of London never had a permanent torture chamber, although the basement of the White Tower housed a rack in later periods.
Main article: White Tower (Tower of London)
The entrance floor was probably intended for the use of the Constable of the Tower, Lieutenant of the Tower of London and other important officials.
[45] Blocked battlements (also known as crenellations) in the south side of Legge's Mount are the only surviving medieval battlements at the Tower of London (the rest are Victorian replacements).
[45] With the addition of a new curtain wall, the old main entrance to the Tower of London was obscured and made redundant; a new entrance was created in the southwest corner of the external wall circuit.
Edward extended the south side of the Tower of London onto land that had previously been submerged by the River Thames.
The Tower of London's outer curtain wall, with the curtain wall of the inner ward just visible behind.
[61] The fortification that would later become known as the Tower of London was built onto the south-east corner of the Roman town walls, using them as prefabricated defences, with the River Thames providing additional protection from the south.
Most of the early Norman castles were built from timber, but by the end of the 11th century a few, including the Tower of London, had been renovated or replaced with stone.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 1097 King William II ordered a wall to be built around the Tower of London; it was probably built from stone and likely replaced the timber palisade that arced around the north and west sides of the castle, between the Roman wall and the Thames.
The Pipe Rolls record xc2xa32,881 1s 10d spent at the Tower of London between 3 December 1189 and 11 November 1190,[72] from an estimated xc2xa37,000 spent by Richard on castle building in England.
The Tower of London from The Shard.
As a result, he was eager to ensure the Tower of London was a formidable fortification; at the same time Henry was an aesthete and wished to make the castle a comfortable place to live.
[76] From 1216 to 1227 nearly xc2xa310,000 was spent on the Tower of London; in this period, only the work at Windsor Castle cost more (xc2xa315,000).
Henry III often held court at the Tower of London, and held parliament there on at least two occasions (1236 and 1261) when he felt that the barons were becoming dangerously unruly.
Relinquishing the Tower of London was among the conditions.
Henry won a significant victory at the Battle of Evesham in 1265, allowing him to regain control of the country and the Tower of London.
[83] At the Tower of London, Edward filled in the moat dug by Henry III and built a new curtain wall along its line, creating a new enclosure.
[85] Six hundred Jews were imprisoned in the Tower of London in 1278, charged with coin clipping.
[86] In 1279, the country's numerous mints were unified under a single system whereby control was centralised to the mint within the Tower of London, while mints outside of London were reduced, with only a few local and episcopal mints continuing to operate.
A model of the Tower of London as it appeared after the final period of expansion under Edward I
During Edward II's reign (1307xe2x80x931327) there was relatively little activity at the Tower of London.
[89] In 1321, Margaret de Clare, Baroness Badlesmere became the first woman imprisoned in the Tower of London after she refused Queen Isabella admittance to Leeds Castle[90] and ordered her archers to fire upon Isabella, killing six of the royal escort.
During this period, the Tower of London held many noble prisoners of war.
[96] Edward II had allowed the Tower of London to fall into a state of disrepair,[39] and by the reign of Edward III the castle was an uncomfortable place.
This late 15th-century image is the earliest surviving non-schematic picture of the Tower of London.
[96] During the Peasants' Revolt of 1381 the Tower of London was besieged with the King inside.
[99] In the 15th century, there was little building work at the Tower of London, yet the castle still remained important as a place of refuge.
When supporters of the late Richard II attempted a coup, Henry IV found safety in the Tower of London.
As a result of Henry's victories, such as the Battle of Agincourt, many high-status prisoners were held in the Tower of London until they were ransomed.
However, Edward IV soon regained control and Henry VI was imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he was probably murdered.
They are known as the Princes in the Tower as they were lodged in the Tower of London, with their last recorded appearance being in June 1483.
The incident is one of the most infamous events associated with the Tower of London.
[104] Traditional accounts have held that the 12-year-old Edward was confined to the Tower of London along with his younger brother Richard.
The beginning of the Tudor period marked the start of the decline of the Tower of London's use as a royal residence.
[98] From 1547 onwards, the Tower of London was only used as a royal residence when its political and historic symbolism was considered useful, for instance each of Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I briefly stayed at the Tower before their coronations.
[113] Executions were usually carried out on Tower Hill rather than in the Tower of London itself, and 112 people were executed on the hill over 400 years.
The cobbled surface of Tower Hill to the north of the Tower of London.
[119] As there was no standing army before 1661, the importance of the royal armoury at the Tower of London was that it provided a professional basis for procuring supplies and equipment in times of war.
By the time the English Civil War broke out in November 1642, the Tower of London was already in Parliament's control.
An engraving of the Tower of London in 1737 by Samuel and Nathaniel Buck
When the Hanoverian dynasty ascended the throne, their situation was uncertain and with a possible Scottish rebellion in mind, the Tower of London was repaired.
[126] The popularity of the Chartist movement between 1828 and 1858 led to a desire to refortify the Tower of London in the event of civil unrest.
The Tower of London has become established as one of the most popular tourist attractions in the country.
At the same time, there was greater interest in the history of the Tower of London.
In The Tower of London: A Historical Romance he created a vivid image of underground torture chambers and devices for extracting confessions that stuck in the public imagination.
The main entrance to the Tower of London.
Although only one bomb fell on the Tower of London in the First World War (it landed harmlessly in the moat), the Second World War left a greater mark.
After the war, the damage was repaired and the Tower of London was reopened to the public.
Since 1990, the Tower of London has been cared for by an independent charity, Historic Royal Palaces, which receives no funding from the Government or the Crown.
[146] In 1988, the Tower of London was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites, in recognition of its global importance and to help conserve and protect the site.
[108][115] Over 2.9xc2xa0million people visited the Tower of London in 2019.
The tradition of housing the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London probably dates from the reign of Henry III (1216xe2x80x931272).
Skull of a Barbary lion that was kept at Tower of London, Natural History Museum
The Tower of London is an internationally famous monument and one of Englandxe2x80x99s most iconic structures.
A rare survival of a continuously developing ensemble of royal buildings, from the 11th to 16th centuries, the Tower of London has become one of the symbols of royalty.
The Tower of London has Outstanding Universal Value for the following cultural qualities:
The Tower of London was built as a demonstration and symbol of Norman power.
The Tower of London is a rare survival of a continuously developing ensemble of royal buildings, evolving from the 11th to the 16th centuries, and as such, has great significance nationally and internationally.
Criterion (ii): A monument symbolic of royal power since the time of William the Conqueror, the Tower of London has served as an outstanding model throughout the kingdom since the end of the 11th century.
The ensemble of the Tower of London is a major reference for the history of medieval military architecture.
The London View Management Framework Supplementary Planning Guidance published by the Mayor protects important designated views, including a protected view of the Tower of London from the south bank of the River Thames.
Locally, the Tower of London falls within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets and is adjoined by the City of London and the London Borough of Southwark.
Each of these local planning authorities has an emerging Local Development Plan, which provide a framework of policies to protect and promote the Tower of London World Heritage property.
The Tower of London World Heritage Site Management Plan is reviewed regularly.
Its implementation is integrated into the activities of Historic Royal Palaces, the independent charity responsible for caring for the Tower of London.
The Tower of London World Heritage Site Consultative Committee, a group consisting of on-site partners, local authorities and heritage specialists, monitors implementation and review of the plan and provides a forum for consultation on issues affecting the Tower of London and its environs.
The most significant challenges to the property lie in managing the environs of the Tower of London so as to protect its Outstanding Universal Value and setting.
However, Historic Royal Palaces has put in place robust measures to ensure that the Tower of London is properly protected, interpreted and conserved in accordance with its key charitable objectives.