Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Site of Palmyra' has mentioned 'Rome' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| The king was succeeded by regent Queen Zenobia, who rebelled against Rome and established the Palmyrene Empire. | WIKI |
| Contents 1 Etymology 2 Region and city layout 2.1 Layout 3 People, language, and society 3.1 Ethnicity of classical Palmyra 3.2 Language 3.3 Social organization 4 Culture 4.1 Art and architecture 5 Site 5.1 Cemeteries 5.2 Notable structures 5.2.1 Public buildings 5.2.2 Temples 5.2.3 Other buildings 5.3 Destruction by ISIL 5.3.1 Restoration 6 History 6.1 Early period 6.2 Hellenistic and Roman periods 6.2.1 Autonomous Palmyrene region 6.2.2 Palmyrene kingdom 6.2.2.1 Persian wars 6.2.2.2 Palmyrene empire 6.2.3 Later Roman and Byzantine periods 6.3 Arab caliphates 6.3.1 Umayyad and early Abbasid periods 6.3.2 Decentralization 6.4 Mamluk period 6.4.1 Al Fadl principality 6.5 Ottoman era 6.6 20th Century 6.7 Syrian Civil War 7 Government 7.1 Military 7.1.1 Relations with Rome 8 Religion 8.1 Malakbel and the Roman Sol Invictus 9 Economy 9.1 Commerce 10 Research and excavations 11 See also 12 Notes 13 References 13.1 Citations 13.2 Sources 14 External links | WIKI |
| [23] Hartmann suggested that it was a Palmyrene initiative by nobles allied to Rome attempting to express their loyalty to the emperor; Hartmann noted that Palmyrene disappeared in the written form, and that this does not mean its extinction as spoken language. | WIKI |
| It could be a result of the aristocracy suffering many casualties in the war against Rome, or fleeing to the countryside. | WIKI |
| [89] Classical Palmyra had a distinctive culture,[90] based on a local Semitic tradition,[91] and influenced by Greece and Rome. | WIKI |
| [167] Minor restorations took place; two Palmyrene funerary busts, damaged and defaced by ISIL, were sent off to Rome where they were restored and sent back to Syria. | WIKI |
| [48] Palmyra was left independent,[48] trading with Rome and Parthia but belonging to neither. | WIKI |
| [226] Toward the end of the second century, Palmyra began a steady transition from a traditional Greek city-state to a monarchy due to the increasing militarization of the city and the deteriorating economic situation;[227] the Severan ascension to the imperial throne in Rome played a major role in Palmyra's transition:[225] | WIKI |
| [255] The queen was careful not to provoke Rome, claiming for herself and her son the titles held by her husband while guaranteeing the safety of the borders with Persia and pacifying the Tanukhids in Hauran. | WIKI |
| [270] The conquests were made behind a mask of subordination to Rome. | WIKI |
| [369][370] Roman provincial authority set and approved Palmyra's tariff structure,[371] but the provincial interference in local government was kept minimal as the empire sought to ensure the continuous success of Palmyrene trade most beneficial to Rome. | WIKI |
| [380] Although governors of the eastern Roman provinces under Odaenathus' control were still appointed by Rome, the king had overall authority. | WIKI |
| [383][384] After the Roman destruction of the city, Palmyra was ruled directly by Rome,[385] and then by a succession of other rulers, including the Burids and Ayyubids,[307][315] and subordinate Bedouin chiefsxe2x80x94primarily the Fadl family, who governed for the Mamluks. | WIKI |
| The strategoi were appointed by the council with the approval of Rome. | WIKI |
| Relations with Rome[edit] | WIKI |
| [401][402] During the late second century Rome formed the Cohors XX Palmyrenorum, which was stationed in Dura-Europos. | WIKI |
| In 274, following his victory over Palmyra, Aurelian dedicated a large temple of Sol Invictus in Rome;[427] most scholars consider Aurelian's Sol Invictus to be of Syrian origin,[428] either a continuation of emperor Elagabalus cult of Sol Invictus Elagabalus, or Malakbel of Palmyra. | WIKI |
| [18] The Palmyrene route connected the Silk Road with the Mediterranean,[457] and was used almost exclusively by the city's merchants,[18] who maintained a presence in many cities, including Dura-Europos in 33 BC,[215] Babylon by AD 19, Seleucia by AD 24,[209] Dendera, Coptos,[458] Bahrain, the Indus River Delta, Merv and Rome. | WIKI |
| Criterion (i): The splendour of the ruins of Palmyra, rising out of the Syrian desert north-east of Damascus is testament to the unique aesthetic achievement of a wealthy caravan oasis intermittently under the rule of Rome from the Ier to the 3rd century AD. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (iv): The grand monumental colonnaded street, open in the centre with covered side passages, and subsidiary cross streets of similar design together with the major public buildings, form an outstanding illustration of architecture and urban layout at the peak of Rome's expansion in and engagement with the East. | UNESCO |