Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Qhapaq Ñan, Andean Road System' has mentioned 'Stone' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Contents 1 Extent 1.1 The four routes 2 Purposes of the road 2.1 Transportation 2.2 Trade 2.3 Military 2.4 Religious 3 History 3.1 Inca Empire era 3.2 Colonial era 3.3 Post-colonial and modern times 4 Architecture and engineering of the Inca roads 4.1 Construction and maintenance 4.2 Architectural components 4.2.1 Roadway and pavement 4.2.2 Side walls and stone rows 4.2.3 Furrows 4.2.4 Retaining walls 4.2.5 Drainage 4.2.6 Road marks 4.2.7 Paintings and mock-ups 4.3 Causeways 4.4 Stairways 4.5 Bridges 4.6 Tunnel 4.7 Equipment 5 Inca Trail to Machu Picchu 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 Bibliography 10 Further reading 11 External links | WIKI |
| The Incas developed techniques to overcome the difficult territory of the Andes: on steep slopes they built stone steps, while in desert areas near the coast they built low walls to keep the sand from drifting over the road. | WIKI |
| Side walls and stone rows[edit] | WIKI |
| On the coast and in the mountains, the availability of construction materials such as stone and mud for preparing adobes allowed to build walls on both sides of the road, to isolate it from agricultural land so that the walkers and caravans traveled without affecting the crops. | WIKI |
| [12] In the absence of walls, the roads in the more deserted areas also used stone rows and wooden poles driven into the sand as route markers. | WIKI |
| Stone rows were built with stones of similar sizes and shapes, placed next to each other and located on one or both edges of the road, arranged in a sort of curb. | WIKI |
| At given distances the direction of the road was marked with stone piles (mojones in Spanish) a sort of milestones, generally placed on both sides of the road. | WIKI |
| They were columns of well piled stones with a surmounting stone and often strategically placed on rises in order to be spotted from long distances. | WIKI |
| Nevertheless, the tradition of making apachetas was not discontinued and crosses or altars of different sizes were accompanied by mounds of stone. | WIKI |
| Figures directly carved on the stone are also found. | WIKI |
| They had stone bridges to allow the free flow of water below them. | WIKI |
| [2]:245xe2x80x9346 Some bridges were made of parallel logs tied together with ropes and covered with earth and vegetal fibers supported by stone abutments,[9] while others were built of stone slabs resting on piled stones. | WIKI |
| It implied first of all the constructions of abutments, normally made of stone both rough and dressed. | WIKI |
| [3]:638 Incas, having no iron, used a method of stone working which used simple tools, such as hammerstones, to pound the rocks in a way that the contours of the upper rock matched those of the rock below so that the seams fit perfectly without mortar. | WIKI |
| [3]:632 Stone bridges could span shorter lengths and needed shallower rivers to be built . | WIKI |
| Some slabs were placed over the abutments and intermediate stone pillars when necessary. | WIKI |
| A very special stone bridge was recently discovered in Bolivia consisting of a relatively small opening to allow the stream to flow and a quite imposing stone embankment filling the valley sides in order to allow the road to pass on top of it. | WIKI |
| The materials used are mainly stone and earth, with stone type varying from region to region, and repair and maintenance measures where necessary are undertaken in traditional techniques and material. | UNESCO |