Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s Church' has mentioned 'Palace' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Informally known as the Houses of Parliament after its occupants, the Palace lies on the north bank of the River Thames in the City of Westminster, in central London, England. | WIKI |
| Its name, which derives from the neighbouring Westminster Abbey, may refer to several historic structures but most often: the Old Palace, a medieval building-complex largely destroyed by fire in 1834, or its replacement, the New Palace that stands today. | WIKI |
| The palace is owned by the monarch in right of the Crown and, for ceremonial purposes, retains its original status as a royal residence. | WIKI |
| The first royal palace constructed on the site dated from the 11thxc2xa0century, and Westminster became the primary residence of the Kings of England until fire destroyed the royal apartments in 1512 (after which, the nearby Palace of Whitehall was established). | WIKI |
| In the subsequent competition for the reconstruction of the Palace, the architect Charles Barry won with a design for new buildings in the Gothic Revival style, specifically inspired by the English Perpendicular Gothic style of the 14thxe2x80x9316th centuries. | WIKI |
| The remains of the Old Palace (except the detached Jewel Tower) were incorporated into its much larger replacement, which contains over 1,100 rooms organised symmetrically around two series of courtyards and which has a floor area of 112,476xc2xa0m2 (1,210,680xc2xa0sqxc2xa0ft). | WIKI |
| [1] Part of the New Palace's area of 3.24 hectares (8 acres) was reclaimed from the River Thames, which is the setting of its nearly 300-metre long (980xc2xa0ft) faxc3xa7ade,[1] called the River Front. | WIKI |
| Augustus Pugin, a leading authority on Gothic architecture and style, assisted Barry and designed the interior of the Palace. | WIKI |
| The Palace is one of the centres of political life in the United Kingdom; "Westminster" has become a metonym for the UK Parliament and the British Government, and the Westminster system of government commemorates the name of the palace. | WIKI |
| Tsar Nicholas I of Russia called the new palace "a dream in stone". | WIKI |
| Contents 1 History 1.1 Old Palace 1.2 Fire and reconstruction 1.3 Recent history 2 Exterior 2.1 Stonework 2.2 Towers 2.3 Grounds 3 Interior 3.1 Layout 3.2 Norman Porch 3.3 Queen's Robing Room 3.4 Royal Gallery 3.5 Prince's Chamber 3.6 Lords Chamber 3.7 Peers' Lobby 3.8 Central Lobby 3.9 Members' Lobby 3.10 Commons Chamber 3.11 Westminster Hall 3.12 Other rooms 4 Security 4.1 Incidents 5 Rules and traditions 5.1 Eating, drinking and smoking 5.2 Dress code 5.3 Other traditions 6 Culture and tourism 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 9.1 Footnotes 9.2 Bibliography 10 Further reading 11 External links | WIKI |
| Old Palace[edit] | WIKI |
| Westminster Abbey appears in the background.Parliament before the 1834 fire[7] with Old Palace Yard in the foreground. | WIKI |
| St Edward the Confessor, the penultimate Anglo-Saxon monarch of England, built a royal palace on Thorney Island just west of the City of London at about the same time as he built (1045xe2x80x931050) Westminster Abbey. | WIKI |
| The oldest existing part of the Palace (Westminster Hall) dates from the reign of Williamxc2xa0I's successor, King Williamxc2xa0II (r.xc2xa01087xe2x80x931100). | WIKI |
| Simon de Montfort's Parliament, the first to include representatives of the major towns, met at the Palace in 1265. | WIKI |
| The "Model Parliament", the first official Parliament of England, met there in 1295,[10] and almost all subsequent English Parliaments and then, after 1707, all British Parliaments have met at the Palace. | WIKI |
| In 1512, during the early years of the reign of King Henryxc2xa0VIII, fire destroyed the royal residential ("privy") area of the palace. | WIKI |
| Although Westminster officially remained a royal palace, it was used by the two Houses of Parliament and by the various royal law courts. | WIKI |
| Being originally a royal residence, the Palace included no purpose-built chambers for the two Houses. | WIKI |
| The Commons acquired a permanent home at the Palace in St Stephen's Chapel, the former chapel of the royal palace, during the reign of Edward VI (r.xc2xa01547xe2x80x931553). | WIKI |
| Calls for an entirely new palace went unheeded xe2x80x93 instead more buildings of varying quality and style were added. | WIKI |
| The neo-Gothic architect James Wyatt carried out works both on the House of Lords and on the House of Commons between 1799 and 1801, including alterations to the exterior of St Stephen's Chapel and a much-derided new neo-Gothic building (referred to by Wyatt's critics as "The Cotton Mill") adjoining the House of Lords and facing onto Old Palace Yard. | WIKI |
| Sir John Soane substantially remodelled the palace complex between 1824 and 1827. | WIKI |
| The medieval House of Lords chamber, which had been the target of the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605, was demolished as part of this work in order to build a new Royal Gallery and a ceremonial entrance at the southern end of the palace. | WIKI |
| Soane's work at the palace also included new library facilities for both Houses of Parliament and new law courts for the Chancery and King's Bench. | WIKI |
| On 16 October 1834, a fire broke out in the Palace after an overheated stove used to destroy the Exchequer's stockpile of tally sticks set fire to the House of Lords Chamber. | WIKI |
| In the resulting conflagration both Houses of Parliament were destroyed, along with most of the other buildings in the palace complex. | WIKI |
| The Jewel Tower, the Undercroft Chapel and the Cloisters and Chapter House of St Stephen's were the only other parts of the Palace to survive. | WIKI |
| One bomb fell into Old Palace Yard on 26 September 1940 and severely damaged the south wall of St Stephen's Porch and the west front. | WIKI |
| The worst raid took place in the night of 10xe2x80x9311 May 1941, when the Palace took at least twelve hits and three people (two policemen and Resident Superintendent of the House of Lords Edward Elliott[23]) were killed. | WIKI |
| As the need for office space in the Palace increased, Parliament acquired office space in the nearby Norman Shaw Building in 1975,[31] and in the custom-built Portcullis House, completed in 2000. | WIKI |
| [32] An Independent Options Appraisal Report released in June 2015 found that the cost to restore the Palace of Westminster could be as much as xc2xa37.1xc2xa0billion if MPs were to remain at the Palace whilst works take place. | WIKI |
| Of these, the largest and tallest is the 98.5-metre (323xc2xa0ft)[37] Victoria Tower, which occupies the south-western corner of the Palace. | WIKI |
| The architect conceived the great square tower as the keep of a legislative "castle" (echoing his selection of the portcullis as his identifying mark in the planning competition), and used it as the royal entrance to the Palace and as a fireproof repository for the archives of Parliament. | WIKI |
| At the base of the tower is the Sovereign's Entrance, used by the monarch whenever entering the Palace to open Parliament or for other state occasions. | WIKI |
| [47] At the top of the cast-iron pyramidal roof is a 22xc2xa0m (72xc2xa0ft)[37] flagstaff, from which flies the Royal Standard (the monarch's personal flag) when the Sovereign is present in the Palace. | WIKI |
| The fame of the Elizabeth Tower has surpassed that of the Palace itself. | WIKI |
| At the north end of the Palace rises the most famous of the towers, Elizabeth Tower, commonly known as Big Ben. | WIKI |
| Charles Barry asked Pugin to design the clock tower because Pugin had previously helped Barry design the Palace. | WIKI |
| The slender form of the Central Tower, which was designed as a spire, markedly contrasts with the more massive square towers at the ends of the Palace. | WIKI |
| The shortest of the Palace's three principal towers (at 91 metres (299xc2xa0ft)[37]), the octagonal Central Tower stands over the middle of the building, immediately above the Central Lobby. | WIKI |
| It was added to the plans on the insistence of Dr. David Boswell Reid, who was in charge of the ventilation of the new Houses of Parliament: his plan called for a great central chimney through which what he called "vitiated air" would be drawn out of the building with the heat and smoke of about four hundred fires around the Palace. | WIKI |
| [60] To accommodate the tower, Barry was forced to lower the lofty ceiling he had planned for the Central Lobby and reduce the height of its windows;[61] however, the tower itself proved to be an opportunity to improve the Palace's exterior design,[62] and Barry chose for it the form of a spire in order to balance the effect of the more massive lateral towers. | WIKI |
| Apart from the pinnacles which rise from between the window bays along the fronts of the Palace, numerous turrets enliven the building's skyline. | WIKI |
| St Stephen's Tower is positioned in the middle of the west front of the Palace, between Westminster Hall and Old Palace Yard, and houses the public entrance to the Houses of Parliament, known as St Stephen's Entrance. | WIKI |
| [65] The pavilions at the northern and southern ends of the river front are called Speaker's Tower and Chancellor's Tower respectively,[40] after the presiding officers of the two Houses at the time of the Palace's reconstructionxe2x80x94the Speaker of the House of Commons and the Lord Chancellor. | WIKI |
| Victoria Tower Gardens is open as a public park along the side of the river south of the palace. | WIKI |
| Old Palace Yard, in front of the Palace, is paved over and covered in concrete security blocks (see security below). | WIKI |
| Cromwell Green (also on the frontage, and in 2006 enclosed by hoardings for the construction of a new visitor centre), New Palace Yard (on the north side) and Speaker's Green (directly north of the Palace) are all private and closed to the public. | WIKI |
| The ground floor is occupied by offices, dining rooms and bars; the first floor (known as the principal floor) houses the main rooms of the Palace, including the debating chambers, the lobbies and the libraries. | WIKI |
| The debating chambers of the two Houses and their ante-rooms lie on opposite sides of the Central Lobby and are part of the central spine of the Palace, which includes the suite of ceremonial rooms to the south. | WIKI |
| Instead of one main entrance, the Palace features separate entrances for the different user groups of the building. | WIKI |
| The Sovereign's Entrance, at the base of the Victoria Tower, is located in the south-west corner of the Palace and is the starting point of the royal procession route, the suite of ceremonial rooms used by the monarch at State Openings of Parliament. | WIKI |
| Members of the House of Lords use the Peers' Entrance in the middle of the Old Palace Yard front, which is covered by a stone carriage porch and opens to an entrance hall. | WIKI |
| Members of Parliament enter their part of the building from the Members' Entrance in the south side of New Palace Yard. | WIKI |
| From New Palace Yard, access can also be gained to the Speaker's Court and the main entrance of the Speaker's House, located in the pavilion at the north-east corner of the Palace | WIKI |
| [72] Traversal of this hallway brings them to the octagonal Central Lobby, the hub of the Palace. | WIKI |
| [73] The Imperial State Crown, which is worn by the sovereign for the ceremony, as well as the Cap of Maintenance and the Sword of State, which are symbols of royal authority and are borne before the monarch during the procession, also travel to the Palace by coach, accompanied by members of the Royal Household; the regalia, as they are collectively known, arrive some time before the monarch and are exhibited in the Royal Gallery until they are needed. | WIKI |
| The Sovereign's Entrance is also the formal entrance used by visiting dignitaries,[74][75] as well as the starting point of public tours of the Palace. | WIKI |
| The Queen's Robing Room (usually referred to simply as "the Robing Room") lies at the southern end of the ceremonial axis of the Palace and occupies the centre of the building's south front, overlooking the Victoria Tower Gardens. | WIKI |
| At 33.5 by 13.7 metres (110 by 45xc2xa0ft), it is one of the largest rooms in the Palace. | WIKI |
| [37] The benches in the Chamber, as well as other furnishings in the Lords' side of the Palace, are coloured red. | WIKI |
| [note 3] The other four arches are occupied by high windows, under which there are stone screensxe2x80x94the hall's post office, one of two in the Palace, is located behind one of these screens. | WIKI |
| US President Barack Obama (right) in the Members' Lobby during a tour of the Palace in May 2011. | WIKI |
| [101] Then, mirroring the arrangement at the Lords part of the Palace, is another antechamber, the Members' Lobby. | WIKI |
| The Chamber measures 14 by 20.7 metres (46 by 68xc2xa0ft)[37] and is plainer in style than the Lords Chamber;[114] the benches, as well as other furnishings in the Commons side of the Palace, are coloured green. | WIKI |
| Westminster Hall, the eldest surviving part of Westminster Palace | WIKI |
| The official residence of the Speaker stands at the northern end of the Palace; the Lord Chancellor's apartments are at the southern end. | WIKI |
| Concrete barriers restrict access to Old Palace Yard. | WIKI |
| The Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 formerly made it illegal to hold a protest near the Palace, or anywhere else within a designated area extending up to 1 kilometre (0.6xc2xa0mi) from Parliament Square, without authorisation from the Metropolitan Police. | WIKI |
| [145] Police from the Palace of Westminster Division of the Metropolitan Police, supported by some armed police from the Diplomatic Protection Group, are always on duty in and around the Palace. | WIKI |
| If successful, the explosion would have destroyed the Palace, killing the King, his family and most of the aristocracy. | WIKI |
| Since then, the cellars of the Palace have been searched by the Yeomen of the Guard before every State Opening of Parliament, a traditional precaution against any similar attempts against the Sovereign. | WIKI |
| The New Palace became the target of Fenian bombs on 24 January 1885, along with the Tower of London. | WIKI |
| Police Constable (PC) William Cole attempted to carry it to New Palace Yard, but the bag became so hot that Cole dropped it and it exploded. | WIKI |
| [152] Five years later, a car bomb claimed the life of Airey Neave, a prominent Conservative politician, while he was driving out of the Commons car park in New Palace Yard. | WIKI |
| The Palace has also been the scene of numerous acts of politically motivated "direct action", which often took place in the Chamber of the House of Commons. | WIKI |
| [169] In March 2007, another four members of Greenpeace made their way to the Palace's roof by means of a nearby crane, which was being used for repairs to Westminster Bridge. | WIKI |
| The Palace has accumulated many rules and traditions over the centuries. | WIKI |
| Despite persistent media rumours, it has not been permitted to smoke anywhere inside the Palace since 2005. | WIKI |
| The status of the Palace as a royal palace raises legal questionsxe2x80x94according to Halsbury's Laws of England, it is not possible to arrest a person within the "verges" of the Palace (the Palace itself and its immediate surroundings). | WIKI |
| [197] However, according to a memorandum by the Clerk of the House of Commons, there is no prohibition on arrest within the Palace and such arrests have been effected in the past. | WIKI |
| Although there is no casual access to the interior of the Palace, there are several ways to gain admittance. | WIKI |
| Free guided tours of the Palace are held throughout the parliamentary session for UK residents, who can apply through their MP or a member of the House of Lords. | WIKI |
| Architectural historian Dan Cruickshank selected the Palace as one of his five choices for the 2006 BBC television documentary series Britain's Best Buildings. | WIKI |
| With their intricate silhouettes, they have symbolised monarchy, religion and power since Edward the Confessor built his palace and church on Thorney Island in the 11th century AD. | UNESCO |
| The Palace is one of the most significant monuments of neo-Gothic architecture, as an outstanding, coherent and complete example of neo-Gothic style. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (ii): Other than its influence on English architecture during the Middle Ages, the Abbey has played another leading role by influencing the work of Charles Barry and Augustus Welby Pugin in Westminster Palace, in the "Gothic Revival" of the 19th century. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (iv): The Abbey, the Palace, and St Margaret's illustrate in a concrete way the specificities of parliamentary monarchy over a period of time as long as nine centuries. | UNESCO |