Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Lord Howe Island Group' has mentioned 'Island' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| An island in the Tasman Sea, governed by New South Wales, Australia | WIKI |
| Lord Howe IslandSatellite image of the island; north is upGeographyLocationLord Howe Island, Tasman SeaCoordinates31xc2xb033xe2x80xb215xe2x80xb3S 159xc2xb005xe2x80xb206xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf31.55417xc2xb0S 159.08500xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / -31.55417; 159.08500Coordinates: 31xc2xb033xe2x80xb215xe2x80xb3S 159xc2xb005xe2x80xb206xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf31.55417xc2xb0S 159.08500xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / -31.55417; 159.08500Total islands28Major islandsLord Howe Island, Admiralty Group, Mutton Bird Islands, and Balls PyramidArea14.55xc2xa0km2 (5.62xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi)Highestxc2xa0elevation875xc2xa0m (2871xc2xa0ft)Highestxc2xa0pointMount GowerAdministrationAustraliaAdministrative DivisionUnincorporated area of New South WalesSelf-governed by the Lord Howe Island Board[1]Part of the electoral district of Port Macquarie[2]Part of the Division of Sydney[3]DemographicsPopulation 382 Tourists are restricted to 400 at any time. | WIKI |
| density26.25/km2 (67.99/sqxc2xa0mi)Additional informationTime zoneUTC+10:30 (UTC+10:30)xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Summer (DST)UTC+11:00 (UTC+11) UNESCO World Heritage SiteOfficial nameLord Howe Island GroupTypeNaturalCriteriavii, xDesignated1982 (6th session)Referencexc2xa0no.186State PartyAustraliaRegionAsia-Pacific Australian National Heritage ListOfficial nameLord Howe Island Group, Lord Howe Island, NSW, AustraliaTypeNaturalDesignated21 May 2007Referencexc2xa0no.105694File number1/00/373/0001 New South Wales Heritage RegisterOfficial nameLord Howe Island GroupTypeState heritage (landscape)Designated2 April 1999Referencexc2xa0no.970TypeOther - Landscape - CulturalCategoryLandscape - Cultural | WIKI |
| Lord Howe Island (/haxcax8a/; formerly Lord Howe's Island) is an irregularly crescent-shaped volcanic remnant in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand, 600xc2xa0km (320xc2xa0nmi) directly east of mainland Port Macquarie, 780xc2xa0km (420xc2xa0nmi) northeast of Sydney, and about 900xc2xa0km (490xc2xa0nmi) southwest of Norfolk Island. | WIKI |
| It is about 10xc2xa0km (6.2xc2xa0mi) long and between 0.3 and 2.0xc2xa0km (0.19 and 1.24xc2xa0mi) wide with an area of 14.55xc2xa0km2 (3,600 acres), though just 3.98xc2xa0km2 (980 acres) of that comprise the low-lying developed part of the island. | WIKI |
| Most of the population lives in the north, while the south is dominated by forested hills rising to the highest point on the island, Mount Gower (875xc2xa0m, 2,871xc2xa0ft). | WIKI |
| [11] When whaling declined, the 1880s saw the beginning of the worldwide export of the endemic kentia palms,[12] which remains a key component of the island's economy. | WIKI |
| [13] The island's standard time zone is UTC+10:30, or UTC+11 when daylight saving time applies. | WIKI |
| [15] Most of the island is virtually untouched forest, with many of the plants and animals found nowhere else in the world. | WIKI |
| [16] The Lord Howe Island Act 1981 established a "Permanent Park Preserve" (covering about 70% of the island). | WIKI |
| [14] The island was added to the Australian National Heritage List on 21 May 2007[17] and the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. | WIKI |
| [20] In the WWF ecoregion system, Lord Howe Island constitutes the entirety of the 'Lord Howe Island subtropical forests' ecoregion (WWF ID#AA0109). | WIKI |
| [25] Ball named Mount Lidgbird and Ball's Pyramid after himself and the main island after Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe, who was First Lord of the Admiralty at the time. | WIKI |
| Many names on the island date from this time, and also from May of the same year, when four ships of the First Fleet, HMSxc2xa0Supply, Charlotte, Lady Penrhyn and Scarborough, visited it. | WIKI |
| His journal entry for 19 March 1788 noted that "the Supply, in her return, landed at the island she [discovered] in going out, and all were very agreeably surprised to find great numbers of fine turtle on the beach and, on the land amongst the trees, great numbers of fowls very like a guinea hen, and another species of fowl not unlike the landrail in England, and all so perfectly tame that you could frequently take hold of them with your hands but could, at all times, knock down as many as you thought proper, with a short stick. | WIKI |
| [27][28] Over the next three years, the Supply returned to the island several times in search of turtles, and the island was also visited by ships of the Second and Third Fleets. | WIKI |
| The island was subsequently visited by many government and whaling ships sailing between New South Wales and Norfolk Island and across the Pacific, including many from the American whaling fleet, so its reputation as a provisioning port preceded settlement,[10] with some ships leaving goats and pigs on the island as food for future visitors. | WIKI |
| This was a cashless society; the settlers bartered their stores of water, wood, vegetables, meat, fish, and bird feathers for clothes, tea, sugar, tools, tobacco, and other commodities not available on the island, but it was the whalers' valuation that had to be accepted. | WIKI |
| [34][35] These first settlers eventually left the island when they were bought out for xc2xa3350 in September 1841 by businessmen Owen Poole and Richard Dawson (later joined by John Foulis), whose employees and others then settled on the island. | WIKI |
| The new business was advertised and ships trading between Sydney and the New Hebrides (Vanuatu) would also put into the island. | WIKI |
| [38] In 1842 and 1844, the first children were born on the island. | WIKI |
| In 1849, just 11 people were living on the island, but soon the island farms expanded. | WIKI |
| [41] In 1851, about 16 people were living on the island. | WIKI |
| [33] Between 1851 and 1853, several aborted proposals were made by the NSW government to establish a penal settlement on the island. | WIKI |
| From 1851 to 1854, Henry Denham captain of HMS Herald, which was on a scientific expedition to the southwest Pacific (1852xe2x80x931856), completed the island's first hydrographic survey. | WIKI |
| Together, these men established much basic information on the geology, flora, and fauna of the island. | WIKI |
| [44] George Campbell (who died in 1856) and Jack Brian (who left the island in 1854) arrived, and the third, Nathan Thompson, brought three women (called Botanga, Bogoroo, and a girl named Bogue) from the Gilbert Islands. | WIKI |
| [45] Most of the residents with island ancestors have blood relations or are connected by marriage to Thompson and his second wife Bogue. | WIKI |
| In 1855, the island was officially designated as part of New South Wales by the Constitution Act. | WIKI |
| From the early 1860s, whaling declined rapidly with the increasing use of petroleum, the onset of the California Gold Rush, and the American Civil Warxe2x80x94with unfortunate consequences for the island. | WIKI |
| It anchored in deep water at what is now Sylph's Hole off Old Settlement Beach, but was eventually tragically lost at sea in 1873, which added to the woes of the island at that time. | WIKI |
| In 1869, the island was visited by magistrate P. Cloete aboard the Thetis investigating a possible murder. | WIKI |
| Together, they surveyed the island with the findings published in 1870 when the population was listed as 35 people, their 13 houses built of split palm battens thatched on the roof and sides with palm leaves. | WIKI |
| In 1876, a government report on the island was submitted by surveyor William Fitzgerald based on a visit in the same year. | WIKI |
| [12] In 1878, the island was declared a forest reserve and Captain Richard Armstrong became the first resident government administrator. | WIKI |
| J. Sharkey from the Government Printing Office took the earliest known photographs of the island and its residents. | WIKI |
| A full account of the island appeared in the report from this visit,[53] which recommended that Armstrong be replaced. | WIKI |
| The service continues into the present day with the fortnightly Island Trader service from Port Macquarie. | WIKI |
| The first plane to appear on the island was in 1931, when Francis Chichester alighted on the lagoon in a de Havilland Gipsy Moth converted into a floatplane. | WIKI |
| On 17 October 2011, a supply ship, M/V Island Trader, with 20 tons of fuel, ran aground in the lagoon. | WIKI |
| The 2016 film The Shallows starring Blake Lively was largely filmed on the island. | WIKI |
| Rodents have only been on the island since the SS Makambo ran aground in 1918, and have wiped out several endemic bird species and were thought to have done the same to the Lord Howe Island stick insect. | WIKI |
| A plan has been made to drop 42 tonnes of rat bait across the island, but the community is heavily divided. | WIKI |
| However, the island is due to be declared rodent-free in October 2021, two years after the last live rat was found. | WIKI |
| [64] Early settlers were European and American whalers and many of their offspring have remained on the island for more than six generations. | WIKI |
| [51] Nowadays, the area known locally as Church Paddock has Anglican, Catholic, and Adventist churches, the religious affiliations on the island being 30% Anglican, 22% no religion, 18% Catholic and 12% Seventh Day Adventist. | WIKI |
| [67] In 1878, Richard Armstrong was appointed administrator when the NSW Parliament declared the island a forest reserve, but as a result of ill feeling, and an enquiry, he was eventually removed from office on 31 May 1882 (he returned later that year though to view the transit of Venus from present-day Transit Hill). | WIKI |
| [68] After his removal, the island was administered by four successive magistrates until 1913, when a Sydney-based board was formed; in 1948, a resident superintendent was appointed. | WIKI |
| [69] In 1913, the three-man Lord Howe Island Board of Control was established, mostly to regulate the palm seed industry, but also administering the affairs of the island from Sydney until the present Lord Howe Island Board was set up in 1954. | WIKI |
| The Lord Howe Island Board is a NSW Statutory Authority established under the Lord Howe Island Act 1953, to administer the island as part of the state of New South Wales. | WIKI |
| It reports directly to the state's Minister for Environment and Heritage, and is responsible for the care, control, and management of the island. | WIKI |
| Its duties include the protection of World Heritage values; the control of development; the administration of Crown Land, including the island's protected area; provision of community services and infrastructure; and regulating sustainable tourism. | WIKI |
| [71] The board also manages the Lord Howe Island kentia palm nursery, which together with tourism, provides the island's only sources of external income. | WIKI |
| [13] The full board meets on the island every three months, while the day-to-day affairs of the island are managed by the board's administration, with a permanent staff that had increased to 22 people by 1988. | WIKI |
| Land tenure has been an issue since first settlement, as island residents repeatedly requested freehold title or an absolute gift of cultivated land. | WIKI |
| [74] In 1913, with the appointment of a board of control, permissive occupancies were revoked and the board itself given permissive occupancy of the island. | WIKI |
| Overseas trade began in the 1880s, when one of the four palms endemic to the island, the kentia palm (Howea forsteriana), which grows naturally in the lowlands, was found to be ideally suited to the fashionable conservatories of the well-to-do in Britain, Europe, and the United States,[14][54]. | WIKI |
| The kentia palm (known locally as the thatch palm, as it was used to roof the houses of the early settlers) is popular worldwide as decorative palm that grows well both outdoors (in sufficiently warm climates) and indoors; the mild climate of the island has lead to the evolution of a palm that can tolerate low light, a dry atmosphere and lowish temperatures xe2x80x94 ideal for indoor conditions [14], particularly in higher-end venues such as hotel lobbies, galleries and large foyers where their high price (thanks to their relative rarity) is no disincentive to their use. | WIKI |
| Nursery profits, in turn, are used in projects that enhance the island's ecosystems. | WIKI |
| By the late 1980s, annual exports had begun to provide a revenue of over A$2 million, constituting the only major industry on the island apart from tourism. | WIKI |
| [80] To relieve pressure on the small island environment, only 400 tourists are permitted at any one time. | WIKI |
| [64] The island is reached by plane from Sydney Airport or Brisbane Airport in less than two hours. | WIKI |
| Island Trader on a fortnightly delivery from Port Macquarie | WIKI |
| With fewer than 800 people on the island at any time, facilities are limited; they include a bakery, butcher, general store, liquor store, restaurants, post office, museum, and information centre, a police officer, a ranger, and an ATM at the bowling club. | WIKI |
| Stores are shipped to the island fortnightly by the Island Trader from Port Macquarie. | WIKI |
| [55] The island has a small four-bed hospital and dispensary. | WIKI |
| [82] No camping facilities are on the island and remote-area camping is not permitted. | WIKI |
| Bushwalking to Little Island (bottom right) xe2x80x93 Mount Lidgbird track | WIKI |
| As distances to sites of interest are short, cycling is the main means of transport on the island. | WIKI |
| [85][86] Swimming, snorkelling, and scuba diving are also popular in the lagoon, as well as off Tenth of June Island, a small rocky outcrop in the Admiralty group where an underwater plateau drops 36xc2xa0m (118xc2xa0ft) to reveal extensive gorgonia and black corals growing on the vertical walls. | WIKI |
| [88] The island has 11 beaches, and hand-feeding the 1xc2xa0m-long (3xc2xa0ft) kingfish (Seriola lalandi) and large wrasse at Ned's Beach is very popular. | WIKI |
| [89] Walking tracks cover the island with difficulty graded from 1xe2x80x935, they includexe2x80x94in the north: Transit Hill 2-hour return, 2xc2xa0km (1.2xc2xa0mi); Clear Place, 1xe2x80x93 to 2-hour return; Stevens Reserve; North Bay, 4-hour return, 4xc2xa0km (2.5xc2xa0mi); Mount Eliza; Old Gulch, 20-minute return, 300xc2xa0m (330xc2xa0yd); Malabar Hill and Kims Lookout, 3 or 5-hour return, 7xc2xa0km (4.3xc2xa0mi) andxe2x80x94in the south: Goat House Cave, 5-hour return, 6xc2xa0km (3.7xc2xa0mi); Mount Gower, 8-hour return, 14xc2xa0km (8.7xc2xa0mi); Rocky Run and Boat Harbour; Intermediate Hill, 45-minute return, 1xc2xa0km (0.62xc2xa0mi); and Little Island, 40-minute return, 3xc2xa0km (1.9xc2xa0mi). | WIKI |
| Ball's Pyramid, 23xc2xa0km (14xc2xa0mi) southeast of the main island | WIKI |
| Lying in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand, the island is 600xc2xa0km (370xc2xa0mi) east of mainland Port Macquarie, 702xc2xa0km (436xc2xa0mi) northeast of Sydney, and about 772xc2xa0km (480xc2xa0mi) from Norfolk Island to its northeast. | WIKI |
| [92] The island is about 10xc2xa0km (6.2xc2xa0mi) long and between 0.3 and 2.0xc2xa0km (0.19 and 1.24xc2xa0mi) wide with an area of 14.55xc2xa0km2 (5.62xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi). | WIKI |
| Along the west coast is a semienclosed, sheltered coral reef lagoon with white sand, the most accessible of the island's 11 beaches. | WIKI |
| Both the north and south sections of the island are high ground of relatively untouched forest, in the south comprising two volcanic mountains, Mount Lidgbird (777xc2xa0m (2,549xc2xa0ft)) and Mount Gower which, rising to 875xc2xa0m (2,871xc2xa0ft), is the highest point on the island. | WIKI |
| [7] Just off the east coast is 4.5xc2xa0ha (11 acres) Mutton Bird Island, and in the lagoon is the 3xc2xa0ha (7.4 acres) Blackburn (Rabbit) Island. | WIKI |
| [99] The Lord Howe Seamount Chain is defined by coral-capped guyots stretching to the north of the island for 1,000xc2xa0km (620xc2xa0mi) and including the Middleton (220xc2xa0km (140xc2xa0mi) away) and Elizabeth (160xc2xa0km (99xc2xa0mi) away) reefs of the Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs Marine National Park Reserve. | WIKI |
| Two periods of volcanic activity produced the major features of the island. | WIKI |
| [103][104] Geological pyroclastic remnants of volcanic eruption can be seen on the 15xc2xa0ha (37-acre) Roach Island (where the oldest rocks occur) and Boat Harbour as tuff (ash), breccia (with angular blocks), and agglomerate (rounded 'bombs'). | WIKI |
| From the dimensions of the rock on which the island stands, the island has been calculated to erode to 1/40th of its original size. | WIKI |
| [107] The crescent of the island protects a coral reef and lagoon, the barrier reef, at 31xc2xb0S, is the most southerly in the world. | WIKI |
| The island continues to erode rapidly and is expected to be fully submerged within 200,000 years, taking an appearance akin to the Middleton and Elizabeth Reefs. | WIKI |
| The island has 67.8 clear days, annually. | WIKI |
| Storms and occasional cyclones also affect the island. | WIKI |
| [119] In geological terms at 7 million years old, Lord Howe Island is relatively young and was never part of any continent, its flora and fauna colonising the island from across the sea, carried by wind, water, or birds, possibly assisted at a geological time when other islands were exposed, enabling island hopping. | WIKI |
| [121] Island plants are similar to those of Norfolk Island, the two islands sharing some endemic species, for example, the critically endangered species of creeping vine Calystegia affinis. | WIKI |
| The flora of the island is relatively untouched, with a large number of rare plants, 44% being endemic to the island. | WIKI |
| [123] Many of the island's unique plants grow on or around the mountain summits, where the height has allowed the development of a true cloud forest and many different microhabitats, from sea level to the summits. | WIKI |
| There are 57 species of ferns, of which 25 are endemic: they are most abundant in the moist environments of the southern island, especially the higher parts of Mount Gower,[127] perhaps the most apparent being the four endemic tree ferns in the genus Cyathea that occur on the southern mountains. | WIKI |
| Plant communities have been classified into nine categories: lowland subtropical rainforest, submontane rainforest, cloud-forest and scrub, lowland swamp forest, mangrove scrub and seagrass, coastal scrub and cliff vegetation, inland scrub and herbland, offshore island vegetation, shoreline and beach vegetation, and disturbed vegetation. | WIKI |
| [129] Ten species of orchids are on the island, the most noticeable being the bush orchid (Dendrobium macropus subsp. | WIKI |
| The palms are the signature plants of the island as the kentia and curly palms especially dominate the landscape in many places, the kentia being of special economic importance. | WIKI |
| [131] All four species are endemic to the island, often occurring in dense, pure stands, the one that has proved such a worldwide success as an indoor plant being the kentia or thatch palm (Howea forsteriana). | WIKI |
| Natural hybrids between these species occur on the island and a mature specimen of one is growing in the island nursery. | WIKI |
| No snakes nor highly venomous or stinging insects, animals, or plants occur, and no dangerous daytime sharks are found off the beaches, although tiger sharks have been reported on the cliff side of the island. | WIKI |
| A total of 202 different birds have been recorded on the island. | WIKI |
| Eighteen species of land birds breed on the island and many more migratory species occur on the island and its adjacent islets, many tame enough that humans can get quite close. | WIKI |
| [134] The island has been identified by BirdLife International as an endemic bird area, and the Permanent Park Preserve as an important bird area, because it supports the entire population of Lord Howe woodhens, most of the breeding population of providence petrels, over 1% of the world population of another five seabird species, and the whole populations of three endemic subspecies. | WIKI |
| Fourteen species of seabirds breed on the island. | WIKI |
| [136] Between August and May, thousands of flesh-footed and wedge-tailed shearwaters return to the island at dusk each day. | WIKI |
| From the Little Island Track between March and November, one of the world's rarest birds, the providence petrel, also performs courtship displays during winter breeding, and it is extremely tame. | WIKI |
| The island was its only breeding location for many years after the breeding colony on Norfolk Island was exterminated in the late 19th century,[137] though a small population persists on the adjacent Phillip Island. | WIKI |
| The Kermadec petrel was discovered breeding on Mount Gower in 1914 by ornithologist Roy Bell while collecting specimens for Gregory Mathews[138] and the black-winged petrel was only confirmed as a breeder in 1971; its numbers have increased following the elimination of feral cats from the island. | WIKI |
| The flesh-footed shearwater, which breeds in large numbers on the main island in spring-autumn, once had its chicks harvested for food by the islanders. | WIKI |
| [140] The wedge-tailed and little shearwaters breed on the main island and surrounding islets, though only a small number of the latter species can be found on the main island. | WIKI |
| Sooty terns can be seen on the main island at Ned's and Middle Beaches, North Bay, and Blinkey Beach; the most numerous of the island's breeding seabirds, their eggs were formerly harvested for food. | WIKI |
| [145] The iconic endemic rail, the flightless Lord Howe woodhen, is the only surviving member of its genus; its ancestors could fly, but with no predators and plenty of food on the island, this ability was lost. | WIKI |
| Lord Howe currawong, Strepera graculina crissalis (vulnerable, subspecies of pied currawong) Lord Howe golden whistler, Pachycephala pectoralis contempta (least concern, subspecies of golden whistler) Lord Howe silvereye, Zosterops lateralis tephropleurus (vulnerable, subspecies of silvereye) Robust white-eye, Zosterops strenuus (extinct) Lord Howe gerygone, Gerygone insularis (extinct) Lord Howe fantail, Rhiphidura fuliginosa cervina (extinct, subspecies of NZ fantail) Lord Howe starling, Aplonis fusca hulliana (extinct, subspecies of extinct Tasman starling) Lord Howe thrush, Turdus poliocephalus vinitinctus (extinct, subspecies of Island thrush) Lord Howe parakeet, Cyanoramphus subflavescens (extinct) Lord Howe boobook, Ninox novaeseelandiae albaria (extinct) Lord Howe woodhen, Gallirallus sylvestris (endangered) Lord Howe swamphen, Porphyrio albus (extinct) Lord Howe pigeon, Columba vitiensis godmanae (extinct) | WIKI |
| Two terrestrial reptiles are native to the island group: the Lord Howe Island skink and the Lord Howe Island gecko. | WIKI |
| Both are rare on the main island, but more common on smaller islands offshore. | WIKI |
| During the Pleistocene the giant terrestrial tortoise Meiolania platyceps was endemic to the island, but this is currently thought to have gone extinct before human occupation as a result of postglacial sea-level rise. | WIKI |
| The Lord Howe Island stick insect disappeared from the main island soon after the accidental introduction of rats when the SS Makambo ran aground near Ned's Beach on 15 June 1918. | WIKI |
| [148][149] In 2001, a tiny population was discovered in a single Melaleuca howeana shrub on the slopes of Ball's Pyramid,[150] has been successfully bred in captivity, and is nearing re-introduction to the main island. | WIKI |
| [159] Humpback whales are the only large whales showing slow but steady recoveries as their numbers annually migrating past the island of Lord Howe are much smaller than those migrating along Australian continent. | WIKI |
| Historically, migratory whales such as blue, fin, and sei whales were very abundant in the island waters, but were severely reduced in numbers to near-extinction by commercial and illegal hunts, including the mass illegal hunts by the Soviet Union and Japan in the 1960s to 1970s. | WIKI |
| [161] These two were likely once seasonal residents around the island, where right whales prefer sheltered, very shallow bays,[162] while sperm whales mainly inhabit deep waters. | WIKI |
| Images of native fauna Providence petrels on the summit of Mount Gower Woodhen by Neds Beach Road Masked booby with chick viewed off Malabar cliffs Coral skeleton on Little Island Beach | WIKI |
| As a result, 70% of the island remains relatively untouched, with a variety of plants and animals, many of which are endemic, and some of which are rare or threatened. | WIKI |
| The Lord Howe Island Board instigated an extensive biological and environmental survey (published in 1974), which has guided the island conservation program. | WIKI |
| [166] In 1981, the Lord Howe Island Amendment Act proclaimed a "Permanent Park Preserve" over the north and south ends of the island. | WIKI |
| Administration of the preserve was outlined in a management plan for the sustainable development of the island prepared by the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service,[81][167] which has a ranger stationed on the island. | WIKI |
| The island was cited under the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1982. | WIKI |
| This consists of a state marine park managed by the Marine Parks Authority of New South Wales in the waters out to three nautical miles around the island and including Ball's Pyramid. | WIKI |
| Pigs and goats were released on the island as potential food sources in the early 1800s; the goats destroyed shrubs and grasses used as nesting sites and the pigs ate eggs and chicks and disturbed the land by rooting for food. | WIKI |
| [170] Several birds have become extinct on the island since the arrival of humans. | WIKI |
| [176] In 1995, the first action was taken to control the spread of introduced plants on the island, chiefly ground asparagus and bridal creeper, but also cherry guava, Madeira vine, Cotoneaster, Ochna, and Cestrum. | WIKI |
| In July 2012, the Australian federal Environment Minister Tony Burke and the New South Wales Environment Minister Robyn Parker announced that the Australian and New South Wales governments would each contribute 50% of the estimated A$9 million cost of implementing a rodent eradication plan for the island, using aerial deployment of poison baits. | WIKI |
| Following the successful eradication of the rodents, all woodhens and currawongs were released across the island in late 2019 and early 2020. | WIKI |
| The project, which would have substantially reduced the Island's dependence on diesel-powered electricity generators, had been considered not to endanger the Island's heritage status and was supported by the Islanders. | WIKI |
| It is considered to be an outstanding example of an island system developed from submarine volcanic activity and demonstrates the nearly complete stage in the destruction of a large shield volcano. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (x): The Lord Howe Island Group is an outstanding example of the development of a characteristic insular biota that has adapted to the island environment through speciation. | UNESCO |
| The islands are an outstanding example of an oceanic island group with a diverse range of ecosystems and species that have been subject to human influences for a relatively limited period. | UNESCO |
| The island component of the property is largely Permanent Park Preserve (PPP) and the surrounding waters are Marine Parks. | UNESCO |