Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Humayun's Tomb, Delhi' has mentioned 'Tomb' in the following places:
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| Humayun's TombLocation of Humayun's Tomb in DelhiGeneral informationTypeTombArchitectural styleMughalLocationMathura road, Nizamuddin East, Delhi, IndiaCoordinates28xc2xb035xe2x80xb235.8xe2x80xb3N 77xc2xb015xe2x80xb202.5xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf28.593278xc2xb0N 77.250694xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / 28.593278; 77.250694Coordinates: 28xc2xb035xe2x80xb235.8xe2x80xb3N 77xc2xb015xe2x80xb202.5xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf28.593278xc2xb0N 77.250694xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / 28.593278; 77.250694Design and constructionArchitectMirak Mirza Ghiyath Sayyed Muhammad UNESCO World Heritage SiteOfficialxc2xa0nameHumayun's Tomb, DelhiCriteriaCultural:xc2xa0(ii), (iv)Reference232bisInscription1993 (17th session)Extensions2016Area27.04xc2xa0ha (0.1044xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi)Bufferxc2xa0zone53.21xc2xa0ha (0.2054xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi) | WIKI |
| The tomb was commissioned by Humayun's first wife and chief consort, Empress Bega Begum (also known as Haji Begum),[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] in 1558, and designed by Mirak Mirza Ghiyas and his son, Sayyid Muhammad,[8] Persian architects chosen by her. | WIKI |
| [12][13] The tomb was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993,[11] and since then has undergone extensive restoration work, which is complete. | WIKI |
| [14] Besides the main tomb enclosure of Humayun, several smaller monuments dot the pathway leading up to it, from the main entrance in the West, including one that even pre-dates the main tomb itself, by twenty years; it is the tomb complex of Isa Khan Niyazi, an Afghan noble in Sher Shah Suri's court of the Suri dynasty, who fought against the Mughals, constructed in 1547 CE. | WIKI |
| The site was chosen on the banks of Yamuna river, due to its proximity to Nizamuddin Dargah, the mausoleum of the celebrated Sufi saint of Delhi, Nizamuddin Auliya, who was much revered by the rulers of Delhi, and whose residence, Chilla Nizamuddin Auliya lies just north-east of the tomb. | WIKI |
| The Tombs of Battashewala Complex lie in the buffer zone of the World Heritage Site of the Humayun Tomb Complex; the two complexes are separated by a small road but enclosed within their own separate compound wall | WIKI |
| Contents 1 History 2 Architecture 3 Char Bagh 4 Other monuments 5 Restoration 6 The tomb in literature 7 The mausoleum today 8 Gallery 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External links | WIKI |
| Akbar subsequently visited the tomb in 1571, when it was about to be completed. | WIKI |
| [2] According to Ain-i-Akbari, a 16th-century detailed document written during the reign of Akbar, Bega Begum supervised the construction of the tomb after returning from Mecca and undertaking the Hajj pilgrimage. | WIKI |
| According to Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni, one of the few contemporary historians to mention construction of the tomb, it was designed by the Persian architect Mirak Mirza Ghiyas (also referred to as Mirak Ghiyathuddin), who was selected by the Empress and brought from Herat (northwest Afghanistan); he had previously designed several buildings in Herat, Bukhara (now Uzbekistan), and others elsewhere in India. | WIKI |
| An English merchant, William Finch, who visited the tomb in 1611, describes rich interior furnishing of the central chamber (in comparison to the sparse look today). | WIKI |
| Floor plan of tomb structure of Humayun's Tomb | WIKI |
| The tomb built of rubble masonry and red sandstone, uses white marble as a cladding material and also for the flooring, lattice screens (jaalis), door frames, eaves (chhajja) and for the main dome. | WIKI |
| Inspired by Persian architecture; the tomb reaches a height of 47 metres (154xc2xa0ft) and the plinth is 91 metres (299xc2xa0ft) wide, and was the first Indian building to use the Persian double dome on a high neck drum, and measures 42.5 metres (139xc2xa0ft), and is topped by 6 metres (20xc2xa0ft) high brass finial ending in a crescent, common in Timurid tombs. | WIKI |
| This chamber with high ceiling is then encompassed by four main octagonal chambers on two floors, set at the diagonals with arched lobbies leading to them also connecting them, plus there are four auxiliary chambers in between suggesting that the tomb was built as a dynastic mausoleum. | WIKI |
| Many smaller chambers too, contain cenotaphs of other members of the Mughal royal family and nobility, all within main walls of the tomb. | WIKI |
| While the main tomb took over eight years to build, it was also placed in centre of a 30-acre (120,000xc2xa0m2) Char Bagh (Four Gardens), a Persian-style garden with quadrilateral layout and was the first of its kind in the South Asia region in such a scale. | WIKI |
| The central water channels appear to be disappearing beneath the tomb structure and reappearing on the other side in a straight line, suggesting the Quranic verse, which talks of rivers flowing beneath the 'Garden of Paradise'. | WIKI |
| Standing in the center at the place where the main axes intersect, the tomb resembles the form and position of a garden pavilion. | WIKI |
| When the mausoleum is implanted in a garden, as it is at Humayunxe2x80x99s tomb, sovereignty and dynasty are combined in a teleological statement that the king is king as he always has been and always will be.xe2x80x9d[24] | WIKI |
| The entire tomb and the garden is enclosed within high rubble walls on three sides, the fourth side was meant to be the river Yamuna, which has since shifted course away from the structure. | WIKI |
| Isa Khan Niyazi's Tomb, dating 1547 | WIKI |
| Tomb and mosque of Isa Khan: Several monuments dot the pathway leading up to the tomb enclosure from the main entrance in the West. | WIKI |
| Prominent among them is one that pre-dates the main tomb itself, by twenty years. | WIKI |
| Constructed in 1547 CE, it is the tomb complex of Isa Khan Niyazi, an Afghan noble in Sher Shah Suri's court of the Suri dynasty, who fought against the Mughals. | WIKI |
| The octagonal tomb is positioned within an octagonal garden, which was built during his own lifetime and the reign of Islam Shah Suri, son of Sher Shah. | WIKI |
| On the western side of the tomb lies a three-bay wide mosque, in red sandstone. | WIKI |
| The octagonal tomb bears a striking resemblance to other tombs of the Sur dynasty monuments in the Lodhi Gardens, in Delhi and demonstrates a marked progression in the development of the exquisite architectural style of the main tomb. | WIKI |
| Some of the architectural details present here were seen later in the main Humayun's tomb, though on a much grander scale, such as the tomb being placed in a walled garden enclosure. | WIKI |
| Bu Halima's Garden and tomb view | WIKI |
| Bu Halima's Tomb and Garden: When entering the complex from the West, visitor's first enter a garden complex, known as Bu Halima's Garden, though little is known about her, and since the tomb or the raised platform where it once stood is not at the centre, it appears to be a later addition. | WIKI |
| Afsarwala Tomb and mosque: Standing southwest end of the complex, lies the Afsarwala tomb, dedicated to an unknown person. | WIKI |
| One of the marble graves inside the tomb is dated 1566-67 CE. | WIKI |
| The mosque itself can be dated to the same period judging from its siting, standing as it does adjacent to the tomb, rather than away from it. | WIKI |
| Nila Gumbad: Standing outside the boundary of the complex is the tomb known as Nila Burj (now known as Nila Gumbad) or 'Blue Dome', so called because it carries striking blue glazed tiles. | WIKI |
| Yet further away from the tomb complex, lie Mughal-period monuments, Bada Bateshewala Mahal, the tomb of Muzaffar Husain Mirza, the grand nephew of Humayun, built 1603xe2x80x9304 on platform with five arches on each side, has its interior walls decorated with incised and painted plaster; the Chote Bateshewala Mahal once an arcaded octagonal building with a domed ceiling and stone jaalis. | WIKI |
| Barber's Tomb: Towards the south-east corner, within the Char Bagh, lies a tomb known as Nai-ka-Gumbad, or Barber's Tomb, belonging to royal barber, it is datable to 1590-91 CE, through an inscription found inside. | WIKI |
| Its proximity to the main tomb and the fact that it is the only other structure within the main tomb complex suggests its importance, however, there are no inscriptions suggesting as to who is interred therein, the name Barbers tomb is the local name of the structure, hence still in use. | WIKI |
| The tomb stands on a raised platform, reached by seven steps from the south, it has a square plan and consists of a single compartment covered with a double-dome. | WIKI |
| "Tomb of Kaka", and Kokah or Kaka in Persian stand for foster-brother (mirak brother), Mirak(a Persian title as sir) though the identity of the person remains unknown, and it might be (incorrectly) referring to another nearby monument in the Chausath Khamba complex, the tomb Ataga Khan, the foster brother of Humayun, which lies in Nizamuddin West area and not to the east of the Humayun's tomb. | WIKI |
| Before the restoration work was undertaken, vandalism and illegal encroachments were rampant at the site of the tomb, presenting a serious danger to the preservation of this invaluable treasure. | WIKI |
| [48][49][50][51] In addition, AKTC is conducting a more significant restoration at Babur's tomb, the resting place of Humayun's father in Kabul. | WIKI |
| In the next phase, similar treatment was given to the tomb's first chabutra (plinth), which was originally paved with large blocks of quartzite stone, some weighing over a 1,000xc2xa0kg. | WIKI |
| The tomb in literature[edit] | WIKI |
| Letitia Elizabeth Landon published a poetical illustration reflecting on the scene in The Tomb of Humaioon, Delhi, based on an engraving showing a somewhat distant view of the tomb. | WIKI |
| Ill thought out construction plans like The Delhi Government's plans in 2006/2007 to build a new tunnel to connect East Delhi to Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Delhi in South Delhi, and to widen the roads near the tomb for the 2010 Commonwealth Games to connect National Highway-24 with Lodhi Road, also posed a serious threat to the monument. | WIKI |
| On 30 May 2014, the finial of the tomb was knocked off the dome by a heavy storm which struck the city. | WIKI |
| Humayun's Tomb Seen from Inside the West Gate The Western Facade of the West Gate at Humayun's Tomb Isa Khan's mosque, across his tomb, also built ca 1547 CE, near Humayun's tomb Gateway into Araba Sarai, south to the pathway towards Humayun's tomb Afsarwala tomb located near Humayun Tomb Tomb of Humayun, with his barber's tomb (Nai-ka-Gumbad) in the foreground, Delhi (1858 photograph) English garden-style roundabouts replaced the square central tanks of the Charbagh garden in 1860 Humayun's Tomb at night | WIKI |
| Humayunxe2x80x99s Tomb, Delhi is the first of the grand dynastic mausoleums that were to become synonyms of Mughal architecture with the architectural style reaching its zenith 80 years later at the later Taj Mahal. | UNESCO |
| Humayunxe2x80x99s Tomb stands within a complex of 27.04 ha. | UNESCO |
| that includes other contemporary, 16th century Mughal garden-tombs such as Nila Gumbad, Isa Khan, Bu Halima, Afsarwala, Barberxe2x80x99s Tomb and the complex where the craftsmen employed for the Building of Humayunxe2x80x99s Tomb stayed, the Arab Serai. | UNESCO |
| Humayunxe2x80x99s Tomb was built in the 1560xe2x80x99s, with the patronage of Humayunxe2x80x99s son, the great Emperor Akbar. | UNESCO |
| Persian and Indian craftsmen worked together to build the garden-tomb, far grander than any tomb built before in the Islamic world. | UNESCO |
| The tomb stands in an extremely significant archaeological setting, centred at the Shrine of the 14th century Sufi Saint, Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya. | UNESCO |
| Since it is considered auspicious to be buried near a saintxe2x80x99s grave, seven centuries of tomb building has led to the area becoming the densest ensemble of medieval Islamic buildings in India. | UNESCO |
| Criteria (iv):xc2xa0Humayunxe2x80x99s Tomb and the other contemporary 16th century garden tombs within the property form a unique ensemble of Mughal era garden-tombs. | UNESCO |
| Humayunxe2x80x99s Tomb is the first important example in India, and above all else, the symbol of the powerful Mughal dynasty that unified most of the sub continent. | UNESCO |
| The inscribed property includes the Humayunxe2x80x99s tomb enclosure, which comprises the gateways, pavilions and attached structures pre-dating Humayunxe2x80x99s Tomb, such as the Barberxe2x80x99s Tomb, Nila Gumbad and its garden setting, Isa Khanxe2x80x99s garden tomb and other contemporary 16th century structures such as Bu Halimaxe2x80x99s garden-tomb and Afsarwala garden-Tomb. | UNESCO |
| The tombxe2x80x99s in the complex have been respected throughout their history and so have retained original form and purpose intact. | UNESCO |
| The authenticity of the Humayunxe2x80x99s Tomb lies in the mausoleum, other structures and the garden retaining its original form and design, materials and setting. | UNESCO |
| The tomb and its surrounding structures are substantially in their original state and interventions have been minimal and of high quality. | UNESCO |
| The tomb and its gardens has been the focus of a conservation project in partnership with the Aga Khan Trust for Culture since 1997 with the enclosed gardens restored with flowing water in the first phase (1997-2003) and the conservation works on the tomb and other attached structures being undertaken since 2007. | UNESCO |
| Flowing water was an essential element of the Mughal char-bagh and at Humayunxe2x80x99s Tomb, underground terracotta pipes, aqueducts, fountains, water channels were some of the elements of the gardens. | UNESCO |
| Additional security requirements for the Humayunxe2x80x99s Tomb site will need to be addressed, especially in view of the significant increase in visitor numbers. | UNESCO |