Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Himeji-jo' has mentioned 'Castle' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Himeji Castlexe5xa7xabxe8xb7xafxe5x9fx8eHimeji, Hyxc5x8dgo, Japan Himeji Castle in May 2015 after the five-year renovation of the roof and wallsHimeji Castlexe5xa7xabxe8xb7xafxe5x9fx8eCoordinates34xc2xb050xe2x80xb222xe2x80xb3N 134xc2xb041xe2x80xb238xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf34.83944xc2xb0N 134.69389xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / 34.83944; 134.69389Coordinates: 34xc2xb050xe2x80xb222xe2x80xb3N 134xc2xb041xe2x80xb238xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf34.83944xc2xb0N 134.69389xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / 34.83944; 134.69389TypeAzuchi-Momoyama castle[1]Height46.4xc2xa0m (152xc2xa0ft)Site informationConditionIntact, restoration work for preservation recently completed[2]Site historyBuilt 1333, 1300 (Himeyama fort/castle)[3] 1581 (expansion)[3] 1601xe2x80x931609 (expansion)[3] 1617xe2x80x931618 (expansion)[4][5] Builtxc2xa0by Akamatsu Norimura (1333xe2x80x931346)[3] Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1581)[3] Ikeda Terumasa (1601xe2x80x931609)[3] Honda Tadamasa (1617xe2x80x931618)[4] Inxc2xa0use1333xe2x80x931868[3][6]-1945(as military camp)MaterialsWood, stone, plaster, tile[5]Demolished 1346 (demolished for reconstruction)[3] 1601xe2x80x931609 (demolished for reconstruction)[5] Garrison informationGarrison ~500 (Ikeda family, soldiers)[5] ~4,000 (Honda family, soldiers)[5] ~3,000 (Sakakibara family, soldiers)[5] ~2,200 (Sakai family, soldiers)[5] UNESCO World Heritage SiteCriteriaCultural: i, ivReference661Inscription1993 (17th session)Area107 haBufferxc2xa0zone143 ha | WIKI |
| The castle is regarded as the finest surviving example of prototypical Japanese castle architecture, comprising a network of 83 rooms with advanced defensive systems from the feudal period. | WIKI |
| [7] The castle is frequently known as Hakuro-jxc5x8d or Shirasagi-jxc5x8d ("White Egret Castle" or "White Heron Castle") because of its brilliant white exterior and supposed resemblance to a bird taking flight. | WIKI |
| The fort was dismantled and rebuilt as Himeyama Castle in 1346, and then remodeled into Himeji Castle two centuries later. | WIKI |
| Himeji Castle was then significantly remodeled in 1581 by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who added a three-story castle keep. | WIKI |
| In 1600, Tokugawa Ieyasu awarded the castle to Ikeda Terumasa for his help in the Battle of Sekigahara, and Ikeda completely rebuilt the castle from 1601 to 1609, expanding it into a large castle complex. | WIKI |
| [3] Several buildings were later added to the castle complex by Honda Tadamasa from 1617 to 1618. | WIKI |
| Himeji Castle is the largest and most visited castle in Japan, and it was registered in 1993 as one of the first UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the country. | WIKI |
| [2] The area within the middle moat of the castle complex is a designated Special Historic Site and five structures of the castle are also designated National Treasures. | WIKI |
| [5][10] Along with Matsumoto Castle and Kumamoto Castle, Himeji Castle is considered one of Japan's three premier castles. | WIKI |
| [11] In order to preserve the castle buildings, it underwent restoration work for several years and reopened to the public on March 27, 2015. | WIKI |
| Contents 1 History 1.1 Historical recognition 2 Design details 2.1 Defences 3 Cultural impact 3.1 Lore and legend 4 Visitor statistics 5 Additional information 5.1 National treasures and sister castles 5.1.1 Matsumoto Castle 5.1.2 Inuyama Castle 5.1.3 Hikone Castle 5.1.4 Chxc3xa2teau de Chantilly 6 Gallery 7 See also 8 References 9 External links | WIKI |
| [3] In 1346, his son Sadanori demolished this fort and built Himeyama Castle in its place. | WIKI |
| [3][13] In 1545, the Kuroda clan was stationed here by order of the Kodera clan, and feudal ruler Kuroda Shigetaka remodeled the castle into Himeji Castle, completing the work in 1561. | WIKI |
| [3][14] In 1580, Kuroda Yoshitaka presented the castle to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and in 1581 Hideyoshi significantly remodeled the castle, building a three-story keep with an area of about 55xc2xa0m2 (590xc2xa0sqxc2xa0ft). | WIKI |
| [3] Ikeda demolished the three-story keep that had been created by Hideyoshi, and completely rebuilt and expanded the castle from 1601 to 1609, adding three moats and transforming it into the castle complex that is seen today. | WIKI |
| [3] Ikeda died in 1613, passing the castle to his son, who also died three years later. | WIKI |
| [4] In 1617, Honda Tadamasa and his family inherited the castle, and Honda added several buildings to the castle complex, including a special tower for his daughter-in-law, Princess Sen (xe5x8dx83xe5xa7xab, Senhime). | WIKI |
| [2] Himeji Castle was abandoned in 1871 and some of the castle corridors and gates were destroyed to make room for Japanese army barracks. | WIKI |
| [5][14] The entirety of the castle complex was slated to be demolished by government policy, but it was spared by the efforts of Nakamura Shigeto, an army colonel. | WIKI |
| [5] A stone monument honoring Nakamura was placed in the castle complex within the first gate, the Hishi Gate (xe8x8fxb1xe3x81xaexe9x96x80, Hishinomon). | WIKI |
| Front view of the castle complex | WIKI |
| A 1761 depiction of the castle complex | WIKI |
| [5] The castle was purchased by a Himeji resident for 23 Japanese yen (about 200,000 yen or US$2,258 today). | WIKI |
| [5] The buyer wanted to demolish the castle complex and develop the land, but the cost of destroying the castle was estimated to be too great, and it was again spared. | WIKI |
| Himeji was heavily bombed in 1945, at the end of World War II, and although most of the surrounding area was burned to the ground, the castle survived intact. | WIKI |
| [7] One firebomb was dropped on the top floor of the castle but failed to explode. | WIKI |
| [16] In order to preserve the castle complex, substantial repair work was undertaken starting in 1956, with a labor expenditure of 250,000 man-days and a cost of 550 million yen. | WIKI |
| The "Three Country Moat" in the centre of the castle complex | WIKI |
| [5][2][7] Five structures of the castle are also designated National Treasures: The main keep (xe5xa4xa7xe5xa4xa9xe5xaex88, daitenshu),[17][18] northwest small keep (xe4xb9xbexe5xb0x8fxe5xa4xa9xe5xaex88, inui kotenshu),[19] west small keep (xe8xa5xbfxe5xb0x8fxe5xa4xa9xe5xaex88, nishi kotenshu),[20] east small keep (xe6x9dxb1xe5xb0x8fxe5xa4xa9xe5xaex88, higashi kotenshu),[21] and I, Ro, Ha, Ni-corridors and kitchen (xe3x82xa4, xe3x83xad, xe3x83x8f, xe3x83x8bxe3x81xaexe6xb8xa1xe6xabx93xe9x99x84xe5x8fxb0xe6x89x801xe6xa3x9f, i, ro, ha, ni no watariyagura tsuketari daidokoro 1 to). | WIKI |
| [10][22] The area within the middle moat of the castle complex is a designated Special Historic Site. | WIKI |
| Along with Matsumoto Castle and Kumamoto Castle, Himeji Castle is considered one of Japan's three premier castles. | WIKI |
| [11] It is the most visited castle in Japan, receiving over 2,860,000 visitors in 2015. | WIKI |
| [3][2] Starting in April 2010, Himeji Castle underwent restoration work to preserve the castle buildings, and reopened to the public on March 27, 2015. | WIKI |
| Himeji Castle is the largest castle in Japan. | WIKI |
| [5][6] Feudal family crests (xe5xaexb6xe7xb4x8b, kamon) are installed throughout the architecture of the building, signifying the various lords that inhabited the castle throughout its history. | WIKI |
| The specific style of the castle is a hirayama (xe5xb9xb3xe5xb1xb1xe5x9fx8e flat hilltop). | WIKI |
| Two castles that were built during the same time and shared many of the architectural features are Matsuyama Castle (Iyo) and Tsuyama Castle. | WIKI |
| A depiction of the intricate castle complex | WIKI |
| The castle complex comprises a network of 83 buildings such as storehouses, gates, corridors, and turrets (xe6xabx93, yagura). | WIKI |
| [9] The highest walls in the castle complex have a height of 26xc2xa0m (85xc2xa0ft). | WIKI |
| [5] Joining the castle complex is Kxc5x8dko-en (xe5xa5xbdxe5x8fxa4xe5x9cx92), a Japanese garden created in 1992 to commemorate Himeji city's 100th anniversary. | WIKI |
| [5] The castle complex has a circumference of 4,200xc2xa0m (2.6xc2xa0mi). | WIKI |
| [5] The walls of the first floor have weapon racks (xe6xadxa6xe5x85xb7xe6x8ex9bxe3x81x91, bugukake) for holding matchlocks and spears, and at one point, the castle contained as many as 280 guns and 90 spears. | WIKI |
| [8] Roughly 1,000 loopholes exist in the castle buildings remaining today. | WIKI |
| [5] Angled chutes called "stone drop windows" (xe7x9fxb3xe8x90xbdxe7xaax93, ishi-otoshi-mado) were also set at numerous points in the castle walls, enabling stones or boiling oil to be poured on the heads of attackers passing by underneath, and white plaster was used in the castle's construction for its resistance to fire. | WIKI |
| The castle complex included three moats, one of whichxe2x80x94the outer moatxe2x80x94is now buried. | WIKI |
| [9] The Three Country Moat (xe4xb8x89xe5x9bxbdxe5xa0x80, sangoku-bori) is a 2,500xc2xa0m2 (27,000xc2xa0sqxc2xa0ft) pond which exists inside the castle; one of the purposes of this moat was to store water for use in fire prevention. | WIKI |
| The castle complex, particularly the Waist Quarter (xe8x85xb0xe6x9bxb2xe8xbcxaa, koshikuruwa), contains numerous warehouses that were used to store rice, salt and water in case of a siege. | WIKI |
| [5] A building known as the Salt Turret (xe5xa1xa9xe6xabx93, shioyagura) [15] was used specifically to store salt, and it is estimated that it contained as many as 3,000 bags of salt when the castle complex was in use. | WIKI |
| [5] The castle complex also contained 33 wells within the inner moat, 13 of which remain; the deepest of these has a depth of 30xc2xa0m (98xc2xa0ft). | WIKI |
| "Diamond Gate", the first of the castle's 21 remaining gates[5] | WIKI |
| One of the castle's most important defensive elements is the confusing maze of paths leading to the castle's keep. | WIKI |
| [8] The castle complex originally contained 84 gates, 15 of which were named according to the Japanese syllabary iroha (I, Ro, Ha, Ni, Ho, He, To, etc.). | WIKI |
| [5] At present, 21 gates from the castle complex remain intact, 13 of which are named according to the Japanese syllabary. | WIKI |
| In many cases, the castle walkways even turn back on themselves, greatly inhibiting navigation. | WIKI |
| [7][8] However, even today with the route clearly marked, many visitors have trouble navigating the castle complex. | WIKI |
| Himeji Castle is frequently known as Hakuro-jxc5x8d or Shirasagi-jxc5x8d ("White Egret Castle" or "White Heron Castle") because of its brilliant white exterior and supposed resemblance to a bird taking flight. | WIKI |
| [6][8] The castle has been featured extensively in foreign and Japanese films, including the James Bond movie "You Only Live Twice" (1967), and Akira Kurosawa's Kagemusha (1980) and Ran (1985). | WIKI |
| [11] In the television miniseries Shxc5x8dgun (1980) it served as a stand-in for feudal-era Osaka castle. | WIKI |
| There is a disputed claim that the castle is the bona fide location of the entire legend, and the alleged Okiku's Well remains in the castle to this day. | WIKI |
| Himeji Castle is said to be inhabited by the yxc5x8dkai Osakabehime, who lives in the castle tower and avoids humans, whom she hates. | WIKI |
| The legend of the "Old Widow's Stone" (xe5xa7xa5xe3x81x8cxe7x9fxb3, Ubagaishi) is another folklore story associated with the castle. | WIKI |
| [5] It was said that people who heard the story were inspired and also offered stones to Hideyoshi, speeding up construction of the castle. | WIKI |
| [5] To this day, the supposed stone can be seen covered with a wire net in the middle of one of the stone walls in the castle complex. | WIKI |
| Other national treasures (castles) besides Himeji Castle include Matsumoto Castle, Inuyama Castle, Matsue Castle, and Hikone Castle. | WIKI |
| [32] Castles that were of the same hirayama hilltop styles are Matsuyama Castle (Iyo) built in 1603 and Tsuyama Castle. | WIKI |
| The main donjon (xe5xa4xa9xe5xaex88xe9x96xa3 tenshukaku) was constructed by the Ishikawa family from 1593 to 1594 when the family was put in charge of the castle. | WIKI |
| Inuyama Castle[edit] | WIKI |
| Inuyama Castle (xe7x8axacxe5xb1xb1xe5x9fx8e Inuyama-jxc5x8d) is located in the southern coast of Kiso river in the city of Inuyama, in Aichi Prefecture. | WIKI |
| In 1537, Oda Nobunaga's uncle, Oda Nobuyasu strengthened the castle. | WIKI |
| Inuyama Castle is claimed to be one of Japan's oldest castles and one of the castles that managed to retain its original structure. | WIKI |
| Hikone Castle[edit] | WIKI |
| Hikone Castle (xe5xbdxa6xe6xa0xb9xe5x9fx8e Hikone-jxc5x8d) is located in the eastern coast of Lake Biwa, in Shiga Prefecture. | WIKI |
| The castle was completed in 1622 by Ii Naokatsu, after 20 years of construction. | WIKI |
| Chxc3xa2teau de Chantilly is a sister castle of Himeji Castle, and it is said to be the most beautiful castle in France. | WIKI |
| The castle is a representation of the magnificent architectural style of the Renaissance period. | WIKI |
| The partnership between Himeji Castle and Chantilly castle began in 1989. | WIKI |
| A panoramic view of the castle grounds, with Himeji city in the background | WIKI |
| The castle's keeps and city as seen from Engyxc5x8d-ji The castle complex as seen from the west Keeps and bridge as seen from the entrance A view of Keeps and the lush castle grounds below Keeps as seen from the grounds below | WIKI |
| One of the steep, narrow walkways controlling access to the castle One of the steep castle walls Himeji castle as seen from the princess quarters The keep as seen from within the inner circle (xe6x9cxacxe4xb8xb8, honmaru) Curved gables (xe5x8dx83xe9xb3xa5xe7xa0xb4xe9xa2xa8, chidori hafu) Detail of keep Play media Various external views with tourists, 2019 Himeji Castle view from below in May 2017 | WIKI |
| Castle walls and rooftops East tower and corridors The castle rooftops and surrounding city Part of the intricate castle complex A mythical tiger-headed fish called shachi (xe9xafxb1). | WIKI |
| This motif was used atop the castle towers as a talisman for fire prevention. | WIKI |
| A stone drop window (xe7x9fxb3xe8x90xbdxe7xaax93, ishi-otoshi-mado) A window for an archer or defender using a Matchlock An interior room with Tatami mats A hallway Castle windows | WIKI |
| The castle property, situated on a hill summit in the central part of the Harima Plain, covers 107 hectares and comprises eighty-two buildings. | UNESCO |
| The castle functioned continuously as the centre of a feudal domain for almost three centuries, until 1868 when the Shogun fell and a new national government was created. | UNESCO |
| The principal complexxe3x80x80of these structures is a masterpiece of construction in wood, combining function with aesthetic appeal, both in its elegant appearance unified by the white plastered earthen walls xe2x80x93 that has earned it the name Shirasagi-jo (White Heron Castle) xe2x80x93 and in the subtlety of the relationships between the building masses and the multiple roof layers visible from almost any point in the city. | UNESCO |
| The property, a single entity zone of 107 ha, is almost coincident with the overall castle grounds, which are divided into the inner walled zone and the outer walled zone. | UNESCO |
| The feudal masters of the castle kept it in good order with regular repair campaigns in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. | UNESCO |
| In 1882, fire destroyed the castle lordxe2x80x99s residential compounds. | UNESCO |