Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Ellora Caves' has mentioned 'Jain' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Part of a series onJainism Jains History Timeline Philosophy Anekantavada Cosmology Ahimsa Karma Dharma Mokxe1xb9xa3a Kevala Jnana Dravya Tattva Brahmacharya Aparigraha Gunasthana Saxe1xb9x83sxc4x81ra EthicsEthics of Jainism Mahavratas (major vows) Ahixe1xb9x83sxc4x81 (Non-violence) Satya (Truth) Asteya (Non-stealing) Brahmacharya (Chastity) Aparigraha (Non-possession) Anuvratas (further vows) Samayika Sallekhana Jain prayers Bhaktamara Stotra Micchami Dukkadam xe1xb9x86amxc5x8dkxc4x81ra mantra Jai Jinendra Major figures The 24 Tirthankaras Rishabha Pxc4x81rxc5x9bva Mahavira Arihant Ganadhara Kundakunda Siddhasena Samantabhadra Haribhadra Yashovijaya Major sectsSchools and Branches Digambara xc5x9avxc4x93txc4x81mbara Jain literature Samayasxc4x81ra(Digambara) Pravachanasara(Digambara) Agama(Shwetambara) Tattvartha Sutra Dravyasamgraha(Digambara) Kalpa Sxc5xabtra(Shwetambara) Festivals Diwali Mahavir Jayanti Paryushana Samvatsari PilgrimagesTirth Abu Palitana Girnar Shikharji Shravanabelagola Other Temples Jain flag Jain symbols Parasparopagraho Jivanam Topics list xc2xa0Religion portalvte | WIKI |
| It is one of the largest rock-cut Hindu temple cave complexes in the world, featuring Hinduism in particular and few Buddhist and Jain monuments with Artwork dating from the 600xe2x80x931000 CE period. | WIKI |
| [3] These consist of 17 Hindu (caves 13xe2x80x9329), 12 Buddhist (caves 1xe2x80x9312) and 5 Jain (caves 30xe2x80x9334) caves,[6][7] each group representing deities and mythologies prevalent in the 1st millennium CE, as well as monasteries of each respective religion. | WIKI |
| [2][8] All of the Ellora monuments were built during the Rashtrakuta dynasty, which constructed part of the Hindu and Buddhist caves, and the Yadava dynasty, which constructed a number of the Jain caves. | WIKI |
| Contents 1 Etymology 2 Location 3 Chronology 4 The Hindu monuments: Caves 13xe2x80x9329 4.1 Early Hindu temples: Dhumar Lena, Cave 29 4.2 Rameshwar temple, Cave 21 4.3 The Kailxc4x81xc5x9ba temple: Cave 16 4.4 The Dashavatara: Cave 15 4.5 Other Hindu caves 5 The Buddhist monuments: Caves 1xe2x80x9312 6 The Vishvakarma Cave 7 The Jain monuments: Caves 30xe2x80x9334 7.1 Chotta Kailasha: Cave 30 7.2 Cave 31 7.3 The Indra Sabha: Cave 32 7.4 The Jagannatha Sabha: Cave 33 7.5 Cave 34 7.6 Rock carved image of Lord Parshvanath 8 Visitors, desecration and damage 9 Ellora inscriptions 10 Painted carvings and paintings 11 In popular culture 12 See also 13 References 13.1 Bibliography 14 External links | WIKI |
| have stated that the Ellora caves had three important building periods: an early Hindu period (~550 to 600 CE), a Buddhist phase (~600 to 730 CE) and a later Hindu and Jain phase (~730 to 950 CE). | WIKI |
| The Jain monuments: Caves 30xe2x80x9334[edit] | WIKI |
| At the north end of Ellora are the five Jain caves belonging to the Digambara sect, which were excavated in the ninth and early tenth centuries. | WIKI |
| [75] Pareira used numerous sources to conclude that the Jain caves at Ellora likely began in the late 8th century,[77] with construction and excavation activity extending beyond the 10th century and into the 13th century before coming to a halt with the invasion of the region by the Delhi Sultanate. | WIKI |
| Particularly important Jain shrines are the Chhota Kailash (cave 30, 4 excavations), the Indra Sabha (cave 32, 13 excavations) and the Jagannath Sabha (cave 33, 4 excavations);[75] cave 31 is an unfinished four-pillared hall, and shrine. | WIKI |
| The Jain caves contain some of the earliest Samavasarana images among its devotional carvings. | WIKI |
| Art historian Lisa Owen has raised questions concerning whether music and dance were part of 9th-century Jainism, given that Jain theology focuses on meditative asceticism. | WIKI |
| The overlap between Jain and Hindu mythologies has caused confusion, given Book Three of the Hindu Mahabharata describes Indra's abode as one filled with a variety of heroes, courtesans, and artisans, within a paradise-like setting. | WIKI |
| [88] However, the symbolism closer to the centre of the temple is more aligned with the core ideas of Jainism; a greater prevalence of meditating images and Jinas xe2x80x93 the place where the Jain devotee would perform his or her ritual abhisheka (worship). | WIKI |
| 19th-century historians confused the Jain Yaksas for alternate images of Indra that were found in Buddhist and Hindu artworks, thus leading to the temple being given the misnomer "Indra Sabha". | WIKI |
| [92] Indra is an important deity in all three major religions, but is of particular importance in Jainism as not only is he one of 64 deities who reign over the heavens, he is, specifically, the king of the first Jain heaven, Saudharmakalpa, and the chief architect of the celestial assembly hall according to the Adipurana, a Jain holy text. | WIKI |
| The Indra Sabha Jain temple is historically significant as it contains evidence, in the form of layered deposits and textual records, of active worship inside by the Jain community. | WIKI |
| The Jagannatha Sabha (Cave 33) is the second-largest Jain cave at Ellora and dates to the 9th century according to the inscriptions on the pillars. | WIKI |
| [99] As with many other Jain excavations, a large pair of yaksa-yaksi is also found in this cave near the Jina. | WIKI |
| This suggests the scene may be related to Jain devotional worship, possibly a shraddha ceremony. | WIKI |
| [103] A particularly notable feature of the cave is a giant, open lotus carving on its ceiling and rooftop, which is found in only one other Jain excavation and one Hindu Cave 25 in all of Ellora. | WIKI |
| It is managed by a Jain Gurukul in the village. | WIKI |
| [113] According to Josxc3xa9 Pareira, there is evidence that work in the Jain caves at Ellora had flourished under Singhana, who ruled the Yadava dynasty between ~1200 and 1247 CE, and these caves were in use by Jaina visitors and worshippers into the 13th century. | WIKI |
| However, Jain religious activity ceased after the region came under Islamic rule in the late 13th century. | WIKI |
| The Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain monuments at Ellora show substantial damage, particularly to the idols, whereas intricate carvings on the pillars, and of natural objects on the walls, remain intact. | WIKI |
| Jagannatha Sabha, Jain cave 33, has 3 inscriptions that give the names of monks and donors, while a Parshvanath temple on the hill has a 1247 CE inscription that gives the name of a donor from Vardhanapura. | WIKI |
| Brahma at Kailasha temple of Ellora, with painted decorationsCave 16 (6), surviving plaster and painted artworkPainting Jain Ellora CavesCave 32 | WIKI |