Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae)' has mentioned 'City' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| A city dating back to the ancient times, settled by the Celts and the Romans, it was made an episcopal see in early medieval Hungary. | WIKI |
| Pxc3xa9cs was historically a multi-ethnic city where many cultures intermingled, creating a melting pot of different values, the rich result of 2000 years of history. | WIKI |
| In recent times, the city has been recognized for its cultural heritage, including by being named as one of the European Capital of Culture cities. | WIKI |
| Contents 1 Name 2 Geography 3 History 3.1 Ancient Roman city 3.2 Early medieval city 3.3 The Hungarian city in the Middle Ages 3.4 Pxc3xa9cs under Ottoman rule 3.5 Pxc3xa9cs in early-modern times 3.6 Pxc3xa9cs during the 19th century and later 4 Main sights 5 Demographics 6 Climate 7 Economy 8 Education 9 Politics 9.1 List of mayors 10 Transport 10.1 Vehicular traffic 10.2 Railway 10.3 Mass transport 10.4 Airport 11 Sport 12 Notable people born in Pxc3xa9cs 13 Twin towns xe2x80x93 sister cities 14 Gallery 15 See also 16 References 17 External links | WIKI |
| Contrary to the popular belief, the name did not signify a single city,[citation needed] and there are no traces of an encircling wall from the early Roman era, only from the 4th century. | WIKI |
| The medieval city was first mentioned in 871 under the name Quinque Basilicae ("five cathedrals".) | WIKI |
| The name refers to the fact that when constructing the churches of the city, the builders used material from five old Christian chapels. | WIKI |
| In later Latin documents the city was mentioned as Quinque Ecclesiae ("five churches", a name identical in meaning to the German name Fxc3xbcnfkirchen and the Slovak name Pxc3xa4xc5xa5kostolie[3]). | WIKI |
| During hot summer nights a cooling air streams down from Mecsek to clean the air of the city. | WIKI |
| Pxc3xa9cs is bordered by plains to the south (elevation 120xe2x80x93130 m), while the Mecsek mountains rise up to elevations of 400xe2x80x93600 meters behind the city. | WIKI |
| [5] Higher parts of the city climb up to 200xe2x80x93250 m (656 to 820xc2xa0ft), mainly Pxc3xa9csbxc3xa1nya, Szabolcsfalu, Vasas and Somogy. | WIKI |
| The Mecsek hills are marked by numerous valleys which play a key role in ameliorating the climate of the city in the absence of lakes and rivers. | WIKI |
| Ancient Roman city[edit] | WIKI |
| In the first half of the 4th century, Sopianae became an important Christian city. | WIKI |
| Early medieval city[edit] | WIKI |
| A document written in Salzburg in 871 is the first document mentioning the early medieval city under the name Quinque Basilicae (see above). | WIKI |
| During the 9th century, the city was inhabited by Slavic and Avar peoples and was part of the Balaton Principality, a Frankish vassal state. | WIKI |
| The Hungarian city in the Middle Ages[edit] | WIKI |
| In Latin documents, the city was mentioned as Quinque Ecclesiae. | WIKI |
| In 1181, there was already a hospital in the city. | WIKI |
| He strengthened the cultural importance of the city. | WIKI |
| Ferdinand favoured the city because of their support, and exempted Pxc3xa9cs from paying taxes. | WIKI |
| In 1541, the Ottomans occupied the castle of Buda, and ordered Isabella, the widow of John to give Pxc3xa9cs to them, since the city was of strategic importance. | WIKI |
| The citizens of Pxc3xa9cs defended the city against the Ottomans, and swore loyalty to Ferdinand. | WIKI |
| The emperor helped the city and defended it from further Ottoman attacks, but his advisers persuaded him into focusing more on the cities of Szxc3xa9kesfehxc3xa9rvxc3xa1r and Esztergom instead of Pxc3xa9cs. | WIKI |
| Pxc3xa9cs was preparing for the siege, but a day before, Flemish and Walloon mercenaries fled from the city, and raided the nearby lands. | WIKI |
| The next day in June 1543 the Bishop himself went to the Ottomans with the keys of the city. | WIKI |
| After occupying the city, the Ottomans fortified it and turned it into a real Ottoman city. | WIKI |
| For a hundred years the city was an island of peace in a land of war. | WIKI |
| The Ottoman chronicler xc4xb0brahim Pexc3xa7evi (Ibrahim of Pxc3xa9cs), whose work forms the main body of reference for Ottoman history between 1520-1640, was a native of the city. | WIKI |
| Since the city was well into the Ottoman territories, they knew that even if they occupy it, they could not keep it for long, so they planned only to pillage it. | WIKI |
| They ravaged and burned the city but could not occupy the castle. | WIKI |
| Mediaeval Pxc3xa9cs was destroyed forever, except the wall encircling the historical city, a single bastion (Barbakxc3xa1n), the network of tunnels and catacombs beneath the city, parts of which are closed down, other parts are in possession of the famous Litke champagne factory, and can be visited today. | WIKI |
| The advance guards could break into the city and pillaged it. | WIKI |
| The Ottomans saw that they could not hold the city, and burnt it, and withdrew into the castle. | WIKI |
| The army led by Louis of Baden occupied the city on 14 October and destroyed the aqueduct leading to the castle. | WIKI |
| The city was under martial law under the command of Karl von Thxc3xbcngen. | WIKI |
| The Viennese court wanted to destroy the city first, but later they decided to keep it to counterbalance the importance of Szigetvxc3xa1r, which was still under Ottoman rule. | WIKI |
| Slowly the city started to prosper again, but in the 1690s two plague epidemics claimed many lives. | WIKI |
| Only about one-quarter of the city's population was Hungarian, the others were Germans or Southern Slavs. | WIKI |
| According to same census Istvxc3xa1n Tabo mentions 171 Hungarian, 349 Slavs and 79 Germans while xc4x90uro xc5xa0aroxc5xa1ac mentions that at that time in the city lived 325 Croats, 139 Hungarians, 92 Germans, 53 Vlachs and 28 Serbs. | WIKI |
| Because Hungarians were only a minority of the population, Pxc3xa9cs did not support the revolution against Habsburg rule led by Francis II Rxc3xa1kxc3xb3czi, and his armies pillaged the city in 1704. | WIKI |
| The feudal lord of the city was the Bishop of Pxc3xa9cs, but the city wanted to free itself from episcopal control. | WIKI |
| Bishop George Klimxc3xb3, an enlightened man (who founded the first public library of the country) would have agreed to cede his rights to the city, but the Holy See forbade him to do so. | WIKI |
| This cost the city 83,315 forints. | WIKI |
| The first stonework theatre of the city was built in 1839. | WIKI |
| The city had 14,616 residents. | WIKI |
| The city suffered only minor damages, even though a large tank-battle took place 20xe2x80x9325 kilometres (12xe2x80x9316 miles) south of the city, close to the Villxc3xa1ny area late in the war, when the advancing Red Army fought its way towards Austria. | WIKI |
| After the war, development became fast again, and the city grew, absorbing several nearby towns. | WIKI |
| In 2007 Pxc3xa9cs was third, and in 2008 it was second "Livable City" (The LivCom Awards)[13] in the category of cities between 75,000 and 200,000 inhabitants. | WIKI |
| The city motto is "The Borderless City". | WIKI |
| After receiving the title major renewal started in the city. | WIKI |
| A good example of the city's history and interesting past can be seen in the main square, where the Gazi Kasim Mosque still stands, and, although consecrated as a church following the retreat of the Ottoman Turks centuries ago, the crescent moon of Islam is still visible on the cupola, surmounted by a cross. | WIKI |
| The city's Germans are the largest minority with 4.2%. | WIKI |
| The walls and roofs of several public and private buildings in the city are decorated with the company's porcelains contributing to Pxc3xa9cs's unique cityscape. | WIKI |
| The Hungarian textilmanufacturer Rovitex Hungxc3xa1ria,[23] the American crane manufacturer Terex,[24] the Hungarian scale manufacturer Pxc3xa9csi Mxc3xa9rlegstxc3xbadixc3xb3,[25] the Hungarian furniture manufacturer Megyeri Bxc3xbator,[26] the Hungarian cutting-tool manufacturer FORSZ,[27] the German switchboard manufacturer HB-Kapcsolxc3xb3szekrxc3xa9nygyxc3xa1rtxc3xb3 (part of the Bader Gruppe),[28] the Hungarian recycling company Alcufer,[29] the Hungarian agricultural vehiclemanufacturer HIDROT,[30] the Hungarian animal husbandry tool manufacturer xc3x96nitatxc3xb3,[31] the tobacco factory Pxc3xa9csi Dohxc3xa1nygyxc3xa1r (owned by British American Tobacco), the Hungarian automotive spare parts manufacturer Matro,[32] the Hungarian safe manufacturer Strauss Metal,[33] the Hungarian packaging machine manufacturer SOMAPAK,[34] the Hungarian plastics producer Termoplast,[35] the Bocz Printing House,[36] the Hungarian pickles manufacturer Babina,[37] the Hungarian plastic product manufacturer Karsai Pxc3xa9cs,[38] the Hungarian metal manufacturer Riner Metal[39] based there and have their production facilities in the city. | WIKI |
| There is a gradual development of modern high-tech industry, with Finnish electronics manufacturing company Elcoteq the largest industrial employer in the city, the Hungarian Z Elektronika[40] electronics manufacturer and the Hungarian TG Netcom[41] IT network manufacturer. | WIKI |
| The Biokom[43] waste management and recycling company (owned by the city) is responsible for the transport and recycling of waste in the whole territory of Pxc3xa9cs and the surrounding areas. | WIKI |
| [44] The country's largest solar cell field is also in Pxc3xa9cs, thanks to the city's southern location and longer sunny hours, which can produce about 10 MW energy a year. | WIKI |
| List of City Mayors from 1990: | WIKI |
| Route 6 crosses the city giving it an east-west axle and leaves it towards Barcs by the Croatian border. | WIKI |
| Although during the last decade connecting main routes inside the city has been an ongoing project, because of their insufficient lengths, this could not free the city from cross traffic. | WIKI |
| Most of the remnants of this older system have been removed, though a few rails may still be seen around the city. | WIKI |
| The city also has an informal friendship link with Peterborough, England. | WIKI |
| Cathedral Archives of Pxc3xa9cs Inner city Mosque of Pasha Qasim Kirxc3xa1ly Street University of Pxc3xa9cs Kirxc3xa1ly Street "Posta" Palace Eosin glaze of Zsolnay fountain Jxc3xb3kai Square City Centre Nxc3xa1dor Hotel Chapel Havihegy Chapel Ruins in Tettye Synagogue Yakovalxc4xb1 Hasan Paxc5x9fa Mosque Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Pxc3xa9cs University of Pxc3xa9cs - Faculty of Humanity and Natural Sciences Lajos Kossuth statue Kossuth square and Great Synagogue French (Napoleonic War) monument Tettye Aerial view Panorama Pannonpower Energy Station | WIKI |
| With regard to the surviving attributes, all of which are under the ground level today, the intactness of the ruins and of their historic interrelations is sustained to the extent possible considering that subsequent urban layers, including the contemporary living city, are sedimented over the property. | UNESCO |
| At local level, City Government Order No. | UNESCO |
| 40 of 1994 declared the historic centre of the city and the area of the Roman cemetery a historic zone. | UNESCO |
| The city has also passed several other ordinances in relation to the protection of historical and architectural values within the context of city development. | UNESCO |