Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí' has mentioned 'Italy' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| The largest groups of Romanesque survivors are in areas that were less prosperous in subsequent periods, including parts of southern France, rural Spain and rural Italy. | WIKI |
| The term "Pre-romanesque" is sometimes applied to architecture in Germany of the Carolingian and Ottonian periods and Visigothic, Mozarab and Asturian constructions between the 8th and the 10th centuries in the Iberian Peninsula while "First Romanesque" is applied to buildings in north of Italy and Spain and parts of France that have Romanesque features but pre-date the influence of the Abbey of Cluny. | WIKI |
| [11] Of these types of buildings, domestic and commercial buildings are the most rare, with only a handful of survivors in the United Kingdom, several clusters in France, isolated buildings across Europe and by far the largest number, often unidentified and altered over the centuries, in Italy. | WIKI |
| The scope of Romanesque architecture Saint Nicholas Rotunda in Cieszyn, Poland Romanesque house in Porexc4x8d, Croatia The Civic Hall in Massa Marittima, Italy Abbey Church of St James, Lxc3xa9bxc3xa9ny, Hungary (1208) The keep of Conisbrough Castle, England. | WIKI |
| Architecture of a Romanesque style also developed simultaneously in the north of Italy, parts of France and in the Iberian Peninsula in the 10th century and prior to the later influence of the Abbey of Cluny. | WIKI |
| Politics The Tower of London (1078); William the Conqueror built the central White Tower as his stronghold and residence Speyer Cathedral, begun by Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor in 1030, as an expression of imperial power and architectural innovation Castello di Venere, Erice (12th-13th century), is one of many built by the Normans in Sicily, Italy. | WIKI |
| The Benedictine monasteries spread from Italy throughout Europe, being always by far the most numerous in England. | WIKI |
| In Italy, Poland, much of Germany and parts of the Netherlands, brick is generally used. | WIKI |
| Walls and buttresses The monastery of San Vittore alle Chiuse, Genga, Italy, of undressed stone, has a typically fortress-like appearance with small windows of early Romanesque. | WIKI |
| Ocular windows are common in Italy, particularly in the facade gable and are also seen in Germany. | WIKI |
| Openings and arcades The atrium and arcaded narthex of Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Italy, is a harmonious composition of similar arches. | WIKI |
| Monolithic columns cut from a single piece of stone were frequently used in Italy, as they had been in Roman and Early Christian architecture. | WIKI |
| In Italy, during this period, a great number of antique Roman columns were salvaged and reused in the interiors and on the porticos of churches. | WIKI |
| In parts of France and Italy there are strong links to the pierced capitals of Byzantine architecture. | WIKI |
| Simple capital of a Doric form supporting a Mozarabic arch, Sxc3xa3o Pedro de Lourosa Church, Portugal Capital of Corinthian form with anthropomorphised details, Pisa Campanile, Italy Capital of Corinthian form with Byzantine decoration and carved dosseret, San Martxc3xadn de Tours, Frxc3xb3mista, Palencia Capital of simplified concave Corinthian form with billeted abacus, simple dosseret and pronounced annulet. | WIKI |
| [23] In Italy where open wooden roofs are common, and tie beams frequently occur in conjunction with vaults, the timbers have often been decorated as at San Miniato al Monte, Florence. | WIKI |
| This solution was employed in Italy at San Michele, Pavia, and Sant' Ambrogio, Milan. | WIKI |
| In England, the extension eastward may be long, while in Italy it is often short or non-existent, the church being of T plan, sometimes with apses on the transept ends as well as to the east. | WIKI |
| The eastern end of a Romanesque church is almost always semi-circular, with either a high chancel surrounded by an ambulatory as in France, or a square end from which an apse projects as in Germany and Italy. | WIKI |
| This form is usual in Italy and Germany. | WIKI |
| In Italy there is often a single central ocular or wheel window. | WIKI |
| Church of San Zeno, Verona, Italy, The facade is neatly divided vertically and horizontally. | WIKI |
| The central wheel window and small porch with columns resting on crouching lions is typical of Italy. | WIKI |
| Pisa Cathedral, Italy. | WIKI |
| The Collegiate Church, Empoli, Italy, represents a screen facade. | WIKI |
| Parma Cathedral, Italy, 1178, has a screen facade ornamented with galleries. | WIKI |
| The tower, (Gothic 1284) is a separate structure as usual in Italy. | WIKI |
| In Italy towers are almost always free standing and the position is often dictated by the landform of the site, rather than aesthetics. | WIKI |
| In Italy there are a number of large free-standing towers that are circular, the most famous of these being the Leaning Tower of Pisa. | WIKI |
| Polygonal towers were often used on crossings and occur in France, Germany, Italy and Spain such as that of the Old Cathedral, Salamanca, which is covered by a dome supported on a ribbed vault. | WIKI |
| St Alban's Cathedral, above) The Leaning Tower of Pisa with its encircling arcades is the best known (and most richly decorated) of the many circular towers found in Italy. | WIKI |
| The opening of the portal may be arched, or may be set with a lintel supporting a tympanum, generally carved, but in Italy sometimes decorated with mosaic or fresco. | WIKI |
| The portal may be protected by a porch, with simple open porches being typical of Italy, and more elaborate structures typical of France and Spain. | WIKI |
| Portals San Zeno, Verona, has a porch typical of Italy. | WIKI |
| In Italy, where there was a strong tradition of using marble columns, complete with capital, base and abacus, this remained prevalent, often reusing existent ancient columns, as at San Miniato al Monte. | WIKI |
| In Italy walls were sometimes faced with polychrome marble. | WIKI |
| This is very much the case in Italy, where they are usually only one bay deep and are supported on two columns, often resting on couchant lions, as at St Zeno, Verona.See above. | WIKI |
| Many Romanesque cloisters have survived in Spain, France, Italy and Germany, along with some of their associated buildings. | WIKI |
| Baptisteries often occur in Italy as a free standing structure, associated with a cathedral. | WIKI |
| It occurs in a variety of forms, from the Lombard band, which is a row of small arches that appear to support a roofline or course, to shallow blind arcading that is often a feature of English architecture and is seen in great variety at Ely Cathedral, to the open dwarf gallery, first used at Speyer Cathedral and widely adopted in Italy as seen on both Pisa Cathedral and its famous Leaning Tower. | WIKI |
| The eastern apse of Parma Cathedral, Italy (early 12th century) combines a diversity of decorative features: blind arcading, galleries, courses and sculptured motifs. | WIKI |
| In general, the style of ornament was more classical in Italy, such as that seen around the door of San Giusto in Lucca, and more "barbaric" in England, Germany and Scandinavia, such as that seen at Lincoln and Speyer Cathedrals. | WIKI |
| [39] During the 11th and 12th centuries, figurative sculpture flourished in a distinctly Romanesque style that can be recognised across Europe, although the most spectacular sculptural projects are concentrated in South-Western France, Northern Spain and Italy. | WIKI |
| Similar paintings exist in Serbia, Spain, Germany, Italy and elsewhere in France. | WIKI |
| St John the Baptist, Clayton, Sussex This fresco showing Galen and Hippocrates is part of a complex scheme decorating the crypt of Anagni Cathedral, Italy | WIKI |
| In Italy, although many churches such as Florence Cathedral and Santa Maria Novella were built in the Gothic style, or utilising the pointed arch and window tracery, Romanesque features derived from the Roman architectural heritage, such as sturdy columns with capitals of a modified Corinthian form, continued to be used. | WIKI |
| The facades of Gothic churches in Italy are not always easily distinguishable from the Romanesque. | WIKI |
| In Italy, city councils constructed town halls, while wealthy cities of Northern Europe protected their trading interests with warehouses and commercial premises. | WIKI |
| Examples of all these types of buildings can be found scattered across Europe, sometimes as isolated survivals like the two merchants' houses on opposite sides of Steep Hill in Lincoln, England, and sometimes giving form to a whole medieval city like San Gimignano in Tuscany, Italy. | WIKI |
| see above Royce Hall, at UCLA, inspired by The Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio in Milan, Italy. | WIKI |