Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí' has mentioned 'Europe' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Architectural style of Medieval Europe | WIKI |
| Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches. | WIKI |
| The style can be identified right across Europe, despite regional characteristics and different materials. | WIKI |
| [11] Of these types of buildings, domestic and commercial buildings are the most rare, with only a handful of survivors in the United Kingdom, several clusters in France, isolated buildings across Europe and by far the largest number, often unidentified and altered over the centuries, in Italy. | WIKI |
| Romanesque architecture was the first distinctive style to spread across Europe since the Roman Empire. | WIKI |
| Some traditions of Roman architecture also survived in Byzantine architecture with the 6th-century octagonal Byzantine Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna being the inspiration for the greatest building of the Dark Ages in Europe, the Emperor Charlemagne's Palatine Chapel, Aachen, Germany, built around the year AD 800. | WIKI |
| Charlemagne's political successors continued to rule much of Europe, with a gradual emergence of the separate political states that were eventually to become welded into nations, either by allegiance or defeat, into the Kingdom of Germany giving rise to the Holy Roman Empire. | WIKI |
| Much of Europe was affected by feudalism in which peasants held tenure from local rulers over the land that they farmed in exchange for military service. | WIKI |
| The result of this was that they could be called upon, not only for local and regional spats, but to follow their lord to travel across Europe to the Crusades, if they were required to do so. | WIKI |
| Across Europe, the late 11th and 12th centuries saw an unprecedented growth in the number of churches. | WIKI |
| As monasticism spread across Europe, Romanesque churches sprang up in Scotland, Scandinavia, Poland, Hungary, Sicily, Serbia and Tunisia. | WIKI |
| The Benedictine monasteries spread from Italy throughout Europe, being always by far the most numerous in England. | WIKI |
| The monasteries, which sometimes also functioned as cathedrals, and the cathedrals that had bodies of secular clergy often living in community, were a major source of power in Europe. | WIKI |
| Unfortunately, very little of the abbey church at Cluny remains; the "Cluny II" rebuilding of 963 onwards has completely vanished, but we have a good idea of the design of "Cluny III" from 1088 to 1130, which until the Renaissance remained the largest building in Europe. | WIKI |
| Types of churches Many parish churches across Europe, such as this in Vestre Slidre, Norway, are of Romanesque foundation The Romanesque Sxc3xa9nanque Abbey church and surrounding monastic buildings, Gordes, Provence, France Collegiate churches such as that of Saint Hadelin, Celles, Belgium, were administered by lay canons Many cathedrals such as Trier Cathedral, Germany, date from this period, with many later additions | WIKI |
| The Nobility of Europe, upon safe return, thanked God by the building of a new church or the enhancement of an old one. | WIKI |
| Santiago de Compostela, located in the Kingdom of Galicia (present day Galicia, Spain) became one of the most important pilgrimage destinations in Europe. | WIKI |
| The building material differs greatly across Europe, depending upon the local stone and building traditions. | WIKI |
| In most parts of Europe, Romanesque columns were massive, as they supported thick upper walls with small windows, and sometimes heavy vaults. | WIKI |
| [1] Octagonal cloister vaults appear "in connection with basilicas almost throughout Europe" between 1050 and 1100. | WIKI |
| The Abbey Church of St. Gall, Switzerland, shows the plan that was to become common throughout Germanic Europe. | WIKI |
| To facilitate this, the chancel or "presbytery" is longer than usually found in Europe, as are the aisled transepts which contained chapels. | WIKI |
| Santiago held the body of St. James and was the most significant pilgrimage site in Europe. | WIKI |
| While the form is typical of northern France, its various components were common to many Romanesque churches of the period across Europe. | WIKI |
| Facades with towers Saint-xc3x89tienne, Abbaye aux Hommes, Caen, France, 11th century, with its tall towers, three portals and neat definition of architectural forms became a model for the facades of many later cathedrals across Europe. | WIKI |
| The use of piers of rectangular plan to support arcades was common, as at Mainz Cathedral and St Gertrude Nivelle, and remained usual in smaller churches across Europe, with the arcades often taking the form of openings through the surface of a wall. | WIKI |
| Internal decoration varied across Europe. | WIKI |
| The circular chapter house at Worcester Cathedral, built by Bishop Wulfstan (1062xe2x80x9395), was the first circular chapter house in Europe and was much imitated in England. | WIKI |
| The best-known surviving large sculptural work of Proto-Romanesque Europe is the life-size wooden Crucifix commissioned by Archbishop Gero of Cologne in about 960xe2x80x9365. | WIKI |
| [39] During the 11th and 12th centuries, figurative sculpture flourished in a distinctly Romanesque style that can be recognised across Europe, although the most spectacular sculptural projects are concentrated in South-Western France, Northern Spain and Italy. | WIKI |
| All over Europe, dwellers of the town and country built houses to live in, some of which, sturdily constructed in stone, have remained to this day with sufficient of their form and details intact to give a picture of the style of domestic architecture that was in fashion at the time. | WIKI |
| Examples of all these types of buildings can be found scattered across Europe, sometimes as isolated survivals like the two merchants' houses on opposite sides of Steep Hill in Lincoln, England, and sometimes giving form to a whole medieval city like San Gimignano in Tuscany, Italy. | WIKI |
| It is in this group of exceptionally well preserved rural churches that the largest concentration in Europe of Romanesque art is to be found. | UNESCO |
| The importance of the churches of the Vall de Boxc3xad, however, lies in their group value: there is nowhere else in Europe with an ensemble of such notable churches built during the same, relatively short, period of time. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (ii): The significant developments in Romanesque art and architecture in the churches of the Vall de Boxc3xad testify to profound cultural interchange across medieval Europe and in particular across the mountain barrier of the Pyrenees. | UNESCO |