Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí' has mentioned 'England' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| The Romanesque style in England is traditionally referred to as Norman architecture. | WIKI |
| [1] The enormous quantity of churches built in the Romanesque period was succeeded by the still busier period of Gothic architecture, which partly or entirely rebuilt most Romanesque churches in prosperous areas like England and Portugal. | WIKI |
| The scope of Romanesque architecture Saint Nicholas Rotunda in Cieszyn, Poland Romanesque house in Porexc4x8d, Croatia The Civic Hall in Massa Marittima, Italy Abbey Church of St James, Lxc3xa9bxc3xa9ny, Hungary (1208) The keep of Conisbrough Castle, England. | WIKI |
| The invasion of England by William, Duke of Normandy, in 1066, saw the building of both castles and churches that reinforced the Norman presence. | WIKI |
| In England, of the cathedrals of ancient foundation, all were begun in this period with the exception of Salisbury, where the monks relocated from the Norman church at Old Sarum, and several, such as Canterbury, which were rebuilt on the site of Saxon churches. | WIKI |
| The Benedictine monasteries spread from Italy throughout Europe, being always by far the most numerous in England. | WIKI |
| Castle Rising, England, shows flat buttresses and reinforcing at the corners of the building typical in both castles and churches. | WIKI |
| St Albans Cathedral England, demonstrates the typical alterations made to the fabric of many Romanesque buildings in different styles and materials | WIKI |
| (Gothic vault) Malmesbury Abbey, England, has hollow core columns, probably filled with rubble. | WIKI |
| Durham Cathedral, England, has decorated masonry columns alternating with piers of clustered shafts supporting the earliest pointed high ribs. | WIKI |
| The foliate Corinthian style provided the inspiration for many Romanesque capitals, and the accuracy with which they were carved depended very much on the availability of original models, those in Italian churches such as Pisa Cathedral or church of Sant'Alessandro in Lucca and southern France being much closer to the Classical than those in England. | WIKI |
| In the case of trussed rafter roofs, they are sometimes lined with wooden ceilings in three sections like those that survive at Ely and Peterborough cathedrals in England. | WIKI |
| The solution employed in England was to stilt the transverse ribs, maintaining a horizontal central line to the roof like that of a barrel vault. | WIKI |
| [29] Pointed ribs made their first appearance in the transverse ribs of the vaults at Durham Cathedral in northern England, dating from 1128. | WIKI |
| The simplest Romanesque churches are aisleless halls with a projecting apse at the chancel end, or sometimes, particularly in England, a projecting rectangular chancel with a chancel arch that might be decorated with mouldings. | WIKI |
| In England, the extension eastward may be long, while in Italy it is often short or non-existent, the church being of T plan, sometimes with apses on the transept ends as well as to the east. | WIKI |
| England, Ely Cathedral Spain, Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela France, Basilica of Saint-Sernin, Toulouse Spain, San Isidoro de Lexc3xb3n Modena Cathedral | WIKI |
| As was typically the case in England, Ely Cathedral was a Benedictine monastery, serving both monastic and secular function. | WIKI |
| In England, emphasis was placed on the orientation of the chapels to the east. | WIKI |
| However, in France, simple churches without apses and with no decorative features were built by the Cistercians who also founded many houses in England, frequently in remote areas. | WIKI |
| Smaller churches often have a single tower that is usually placed to the western end in France or England, either centrally or to one side, while larger churches and cathedrals often have two. | WIKI |
| In England, Southwell Cathedral has maintained this form, despite the insertion of a huge Gothic window between the towers. | WIKI |
| 14th-century spires Southwell Cathedral, England, 1120, follows the Norman model with pyramidal spires as were probably at Saint-xc3x89tienne. | WIKI |
| In England, for large abbeys and cathedral buildings, three towers were favoured, with the central tower being the tallest. | WIKI |
| Circular towers are uncommon in England, but occur throughout the Early Medieval period in Ireland. | WIKI |
| Maria Laach Abbey, above) The most massive Romanesque crossing tower is that at Tewkesbury Abbey, in England, where large crossing towers are characteristic. | WIKI |
| In England stout columns of large diameter supported decorated arches, gallery and clerestory, as at the nave of Malmesbury Abbey (see "Piers and columns", above). | WIKI |
| Of England's Norman cathedrals, no eastern end remains unchanged. | WIKI |
| The circular chapter house at Worcester Cathedral, built by Bishop Wulfstan (1062xe2x80x9395), was the first circular chapter house in Europe and was much imitated in England. | WIKI |
| Overlapping arches form a blind arcade at St Lawrence's church Castle Rising, England. | WIKI |
| In England, such decoration could be discrete, as at Hereford and Peterborough cathedrals, or have a sense of massive energy as at Durham where the diagonal ribs of the vaults are all outlined with chevrons, the mouldings of the nave arcade are carved with several layers of the same and the huge columns are deeply incised with a variety of geometric patterns creating an impression of directional movement. | WIKI |
| In general, the style of ornament was more classical in Italy, such as that seen around the door of San Giusto in Lucca, and more "barbaric" in England, Germany and Scandinavia, such as that seen at Lincoln and Speyer Cathedrals. | WIKI |
| A rare survival in England is that of the "Prior's Door" at Ely Cathedral. | WIKI |
| Abbey of St Pere of Burgal, Catalonia, Spain In England the major pictorial theme occurs above the chancel arch in parish churches. | WIKI |
| Stained glass from Germany, England and France. | WIKI |
| In England, the Romanesque groundplan, which in that country commonly had a very long nave, continued to affect the style of building of cathedrals and those large abbey churches which were also to become cathedrals at the dissolution of the monasteries in the 16th century. | WIKI |
| The first truly Gothic building in England is the long eastern end of Canterbury Cathedral commenced in 1175. | WIKI |
| Ely Cathedral, England, the central western tower and framing smaller towers all had transitional features, 1180s. | WIKI |
| Examples of all these types of buildings can be found scattered across Europe, sometimes as isolated survivals like the two merchants' houses on opposite sides of Steep Hill in Lincoln, England, and sometimes giving form to a whole medieval city like San Gimignano in Tuscany, Italy. | WIKI |
| Secular and domestic architecture Tower of London (1078); William the Conqueror built the central White Tower as his stronghold and residence The Great Hall of Oakham Castle, England, once part of the fortified manor of a Norman baron Crusader castle, Krak des Chevaliers, Syria, was mainly constructed in this period, with the outer walls being later Many towns, such as San Gimignano, were enclosed with walls, causing crowding and the building of tower houses | WIKI |